ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe habitat of the largest known breeding colony of Pink‐footed Geese(Anser brachyrhynchus)at Thjórsárver vid Hofsjökul is described. These botanical studies were made during the Wildfowl Trust's Second Expedition to Central Iceland during July and August, 1953. The distributions and frequencies of 155 species, sub‐species, varieties and hybrids of vascular plants are given; and 37 of the most common mosses and 8 most common liverworts are listed. The plant communities with which the geese are most associated are analyzed. Several of the species have rarely been recorded before from Central Iceland,Minuartia strictaandLittorella unifiorabeing of special interest. A collection representing all the plants described has been deposited in the British Museum (Natural History),

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMicrometeorologyis the study of atmospheric processes at the earth's surface. If the leaves of plants and the skins of animals are regarded as extensions of that surface, micrometeorological principles can help the biologist to investigate the influence of physical environment on living material. Two examples are considered in illustration. First, the surface temperature of plants and animals and the cooling produced by evaporation are discussed in terms of heat‐balance equations. Second, it is shown that the uptake of carbon dioxide by a field crop can be measured by a micrometeorological techniqu

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYDuring the past 60 years, there has been developed a number of statistical methods for assessing the degree of correlation between biological characters. Some of these methods have become so involved that electronic computers are necessary for their solution. The results have been used for three main purposes, the first of which is the investigation of closeness of affinity between related organisms. The second is the investigation of the processes of coordination of growth among individuals of a single species, and the third is the investigation of the possible course of evolution of groups of related species, genera or families.Investigations of the first kind have concerned bacteria and bees, and of the second, frogs, squirrels, domestic pigeons, fossil fish, fossil teeth, etc. Investigations of the third kind have been mainly in the field of botany, some covering a single fern genus, some the angiosperms as a whole, some the Dicotyledons and some the Monocotyledons. The results of this third kind of investigation are consistent with the view that trends have occurred during the evolution of present‐day groups of organisms. Help from the palaeo‐botanist is, however, vital in establishing the correctness of this interpretation.The meaning of the expression ‘ a trend in evolution ‘ is briefly di

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTemperature, rainfall and day‐length probably all help to determine limits of plant distributions, but the distributions cannot generally be explained by simple values of any of these quantities alone. There is in most latitudes a negative correlation between annual temperature range and log. winter rainfall and this and other correlations make it difficult to distinguish the effects of the several factors in the delimitation of plant areas.Approximately within the 40o‐70oN. latitude band a strongly marked climatic pattern of increasing annual temperature range inland from the coasts is matched by a pattern of reducing winter temperatures in the same directions. The centre of this pattern, in Eurasia, is in eastern Siberia. This pattern is reflected in many plant areas. Following ideas expressed severally by Vahl, Iversen and Jeffree for plotting plant distribution in terms of temperatures of coldest and warmest months (or of January and July) on Cartesian co‐ordinates it is shown that the areas obtained may be closely related to the above main climatic pattern. Very similar areas may be obtained from values of latitude (which governs day‐length) and log. winter rainfall.Several of these climatic areas have been compared with biological distributions and maps are presented. Some of these can be arranged in progressive series which correspond rather closely with some series of equiformal progressive areas of plant distributions given

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1960.tb01204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1960

数据来源: WILEY