摘要:

Sporangia and spores from representatives of nine families of Mucorales were examined electron microscopically by means of direct observation of their silhouettes and carbon replicas of their surfaces. Surface structure is described and the possible significance of ornamentation in relation to taxonomy is discussed briefly.

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A group of five genera of spiders has in the past been placed in a special sub‐order the Hypo‐chilomorpha, lying between the Mygalomorpha and the Araneomorpha. In general they resemble the araneomorphs, but they share some primitive characters, notably the presence of two pairs of lungs. Four of them,Hypochilus, Ectatosticta, HickmaniaandAustrochilushave a cribellum, whileGradunguladoes not. In attempting to determine their relationships, their internal anatomy is here compared with that of the members of the three main suborders, Liphis‐tiomorpha, Mygalomorpha and Araneomorpha. The conclusion arrived at is that these genera belong to the Araneomorpha, and that there should not be a suborder Hypochilomorpha.HypochilusandEctatostictaare very similar and are placed in the family Hypochilidae, while the other three are placed in individual families. Within the Araneomorpha there seem to be two evolutionary lines. In one, the Cribellata, the anterior median spinnerets of the ancestor remained functional and became the cribellum. In the other, the Ecribellata, the anterior median spinnerets lost their function and became vestigial or absent. The most primitive cribel‐late family is the Hypochilidae, while the Gradungulidae is the most primitive ecribellate one, at least with respect to its lungs an

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSabellid worms use their branchial crowns to collect and sort suspended particles for feeding, and in the majority of cases for tube‐building. Two examples from the subfamily Fabriciinae are considered.1InFabricia sabellathe pinnules borne on the three pairs of gill filaments possess three rows of cilia. The two rows of latero‐frontal cilia move water through the crown and also trap particles from this current and deposit them on the frontal cilia. These transport the particles to ciliated grooves in the gill filaments, where a little preliminary sorting occurs as they move towards the centre of the crown. The final sorting occurs at the centre of the crown: large particles are rejected whilst the small ones are carried to the mouth. The medium‐sized particles are either mixed with mucus and incorporated into the tube or, when the animal is not tube‐building, they are rejected.2InManayunkia aestuarinathe four pairs of gill filaments and the pair of tentacles are devoid of pinnules, but bear three rows of cilia. Usually two pairs of gill filaments are moved over the surface of the substratum and particles are collected from it by the latero‐frontal cilia. The particles are then deposited on the frontal cilia in the gill‐filament groove; this is deposit feeding. Particles disturbed during deposit feeding become suspended in the water and are then trapped by the latero‐frontal cilia on the remaining gill filaments and the tentacles; this is secondary suspension feeding. Particles already in suspension are also utilized; this is suspension feeding. Particles collected by these three methods are moved down the gill‐filament grooves, where a little preliminary sorting occurs. As inFabricia, the particles are completely sorted in the centre of the crown. The large particles are rejected, small particles move to the mouth and the medium‐sized particles travel to the ventral lip where they are coated with mucus and incorporated into the tube or, as inFabricia, rejected.3The development of the abfrontal cilia, the sorting mechanism in the gill filaments and the presence of mucous glands in the pinnules and other gill‐filament structures of the larger sabellids, are considere

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A collection of epiphytic orchids was made during 1964/65 from the Shire Highlands, Malawi, an area hitherto only partially explored botanically. The survey revealed not only a wealth of interesting epiphytic species, but also showed a degree of correlation between the main vegetation types covering the Highlands, and the epiphytic orchid‐flora to be found in each respective habitat. This aspect of orchid ecology is discussed on the basis of personal observation. The Appendix contains a preliminary check‐list of the epiphytic orchids of the Shire Highlands, and includes both the description of a new species ofBulbophyllum, and short field‐notes on several undescribed sp

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1The Australasian species ofMacrophthalmusshow close zoogeographical relationships with those of ‘South‐East Asia’, and to a lesser extent with those of ‘Japan’, relatively little relationships with those of the ‘Pacific’, very few with ‘Indian’ species and none with ‘African’ species.2In terms of the coefficient of faunistic similarity used, the only region to show some degree of affinity with all other regions, is ‘South‐East Asia’. This suggests the possibility that the genusMacrophthalmusarose in that region, and that the genus has radiated out from there to occupy its present wide distribution.3A clear distinction is seen between the Australian distributions of the endemic and non‐endemic Macrophthalminae. Endemic species are confined to the east of a line drawn through the Gulf of Carpentaria and Spencer Gulf, and show a marked preference for the temperate and subtropical regions within that zone. Non‐endemic species, however, are mainly confined to the regions north of the Tropic of Capricorn, and occur in both the north‐eastern and northwestern regions of Australia.4Four boundary points have been noted on the east coast of Australia; Cooktown, Po

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pyramimonas tetrarhynchushas been grown in culture and its external features examined using direct preparations and sections. The flagellar and body scales are described and compared with those of previously investigated species.

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A numerical taxonomic study of a graft chimaera is presented. This was made with the primary aim of elucidating the phonetic relationships between the chimaera and the two parents, but also illustrates some points concerning the weighting of characters and congruence between different sets of characters.Branches were used as Operational Taxonomic Units, three of each of the biological kinds. The different branches of each kind were highly similar, with the chimaera being the most variable. Phonetically, the chimaera lay well offset from the line joining the parents, but otherwise about midway. Analyses made with characters determined mainly by one parent or the other showed that there is considerable interaction between the parental genotypes to yield the phenotype of the chimaera.These relationships are much the same whether based on spatial or non‐spatial quantitative characters, provided that the values are standardized; otherwise size and shape differences may be misleading. Qualitative characters can give rise to difficulties in such work, though they had little effect in the present example. The findings are discussed in relation to gene dominanc

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Mediterranean ophidioid fish genusBellottiais diagnosed, and its relationships with other viviparous ophidioids are discussed. Its closest relative may beMicrobrotulaGosline. Previous opinionsaboutBellottiaare summarized. A description is presented ofB. apoda, the only known species in the genus.

ISSN:0370-0461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1968.tb01105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY