摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the effects of a shift from price support to direct income policy on agricultural factor markets and aggregate output. By utilising an econometric model for the Austrian agricultural sector, it is argued that the main purpose of this policy change, which is to move producers away from making production decisions in response to income support policies and to facilitate their response to market signals (‘decoupling’), is only partially realised. Switching from price to direct income support would result in little reduction in output, but some positive secondary effects can be observed. Ecological goals could be realised by lessening the degree of industrialisation due to lowering the capital‐labour and intermediate input‐labour

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of New Zealand's experience with assistance to agriculture through the 1960s and 1970s and the subsequent deregulation of the sector in the mid‐1980s provides background to this study. Data for sheep and beef farmers are used to elaborate the variety of financial changes in the boom and bust cycles that followed the policy changes. Changes in farm business stress are examined using some conventional financial ratios. New measures which partition household expenditure between consumption and investment are then developed. These better explain the stress experienced among farm households as a consequence of the readjustment process and provide insight to the impact of the legacy of debt, encouraged by government intervention, on farmers' current and expected household consumption over recent years. New Zealand's experience reveals that farm household consumption stress has been unevenly distributed. This suggests that policy concern, following the removal of government assistance to agriculture, should focus principally on the mitigation of the household distress caused by ongoing farm debt commitment

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper outlines the concept of co‐integration and its use in econometric modelling. The techniques of co‐integration analysis are described, with particular emphasis given to test procedures. Co‐integration between two or more variables is taken to imply the existence of a long‐run equilibrium relationship between them. Co‐integration analysis is applied in a re‐examination of recent empirical models of the determination of land prices in England and Wales. The results suggest that recent land price models do not describe longrun relationships between land prices and the explanatory variables selected. Criticisms of the different measurements of returns to land used in studies to date are sustained by the analysis, and a clear role for interest rates in the determination of land prices i

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A Tobit analysis is applied to estimate Japanese peanut imports under quota restrictions for the period 1973–1988, and to assess the bias when the presence of quota is ignored by using OLS estimation. The results show that biased estimates are obtained by using OLS in the presence of quota restriction

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Landlords in some countries commonly adopt a policy of short‐term leasing such that their tenants perpetually face a threat of termination of the contracts if their performance is not satisfactory. By explicitly modelling the threat of termination in a multi‐period framework, this paper demonstrates that: (a) a landlord may prefer a landed rather than a landless tenant, (b) although tenants are free to choose the amount of land for cropsharing, the marginal product of land is not driven down to zero, and (c) the efficiency of cropshare cultivation may not be ranked unambiguously against owner or wage cultivat

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the effect of the current EC cotton regime on the level and distribution of potential benefits from technological change in cotton production in Greece and Spain. Results indicate that technical innovations in cotton production benefit producers but do not affect EC consumers and taxpayers. In addition, technical advances in cotton production result in important inter‐country effects. These effects depend strongly on the relative magnitude of each country output and supply elasticity, the smaller producer (Spain) being in a riskier position. Finally, the current EC cotton regime, compared to a system which partitions the maximum guaranteed quantity between the two producer countries, benefits the innovative countr

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main explanations of the effect of sugar prices on high‐fructose corn syrup (HFCS) consumption in the United States are briefly reviewed. A formal model is presented and estimated in a reduced form for the period 1971‐88. The hypothesis that sugar prices affect HFCS consumption growth is confirmed. The estimated model is used to analyse both the effect on HFCS consumption of the two peaks in sugar prices which occurred in 1976‐75 and in 1980, and the effect of the protection applied to the US sugar market. The model is also used to estimate the extent to which the rapid expansion of US HFCS consumption can be attributed solely to the 1974 peak in the international sugar

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The contribution which farmers' wives make to the farm business is typically overlooked and under‐valued, yet the farm could not function without it. The paper describes the nature of the work done by wives on farms in the UK and Ireland as revealed by two recent postal surveys. Using data from the Farm Business Survey for England and Wales, it attempts to quantify some aspects of the work. It is suggested that farm wives may contribute 5 per cent of the manual hours worked by the regular labour force and 9–10 per cent of the total regular labour input on main holdings. Further, as hired and family labour is shed and farmers seek additional employment, the wife's labour contribution is likely to become more significant. Continued neglect of women's involvement may jeopardise the future of the family farm. The paper suggests how data collection procedures might be improved to give a more realistic picture of the wife's contribut

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Speed of adoption of modern cereal cultivars in India is measured and its inter‐regional variation is investigated. Adoption speed varies widely across regions and between cereals. While profitability and production risk have been important determinants of adoption speed of high‐yielding wheat and rice varieties, such factors fail to explain adequately the uptake of modern cultivars of sorghum, pearl millet and maize. A comparison with the results of other studies confirms the responsiveness of Indian farmers to economic opportunit

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) has had a considerable effect on the revenues received from finished cattle in the UK. Forecasting models are used to measure the extent of the drop in revenues by determining what the price would have been under normal marketing conditions. The models used are a regression model, which, although representing a simplified view of the market, takes account of price expectations, and an ARIMA‐type model. Comparison between the forecasts of the two models forms part of the validation procedure. The results using the regression forecasts indicated a loss of 8.6 percent while the ARIMA forecasts indicated a loss of 11.8 percent over the year October 1989 to September 199

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1992.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY