摘要:

The notion of a review article would presume that there exists a coherent body of literature on the topic in question. With agricultural co‐operative theory this is not quite the case since it has been approached seriously and systematically in some subject areas but disjointedly if at all in others. This review article attempts to ask what predictions can be made about the behaviour of agricultural co‐operatives in the present state of theoretical knowledge—thus, each section refers to a topic that readers might hope to have been investigated in the literature, though the findings are necessarily patchy since few areas have been given adequate attention. Where weaknesses and deficiencies occur, I have tried to point them out and to indicate areas for further research. In doing so, I have hazarded my own ideas, so that much of the material is original. As far as I know, for example, nobody has yet seriously considered the life‐cycle of the agricultural co‐operative organisation, which constitutes the subject matter of section 7, and the discussion put forward in the first half of section 6, on the supply curve of marketing associations, is also my own work. If these are duplicated in papers which I have failed to bring to light in my quest for material for this article, I can only

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The policy conclusions which stem from the deterministic theory of the competitive firm are well known and unambiguous. However, once product price is regarded as stochastic, there exist several theories upon which to base an analysis of the impact of agricultural policy on the output response of the firm. The paper considers four models from the safety‐first and expected utility frameworks. These models produce a diverse set of comparative statics results which in many instances conflict with those of the deterministic model. Hence, the paper concludes that it is important in agricultural policy analysis that greater consideration by given to the links between risk aversion, policy‐induced uncertainty and output response than is conventionally the c

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article analyses changes in the size‐structure of the dairy industry in the SMMB area. It compares the performance of projections based on easily available, aggregate data using well‐known computer routines with projections made from detailed, infrequently collected, farm‐level data. The paper suggests that although yields are continuing to rise this may no longer be sufficient to compensate for the loss of producers, so that there may be a fall in total milk output in the

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the past, management of marine fisheries has concentrated largely on biological matters, but a cursory glance at any major fishery reveals that such an approach has not been successful. This article considers the fundamentally economic control techniques which might be used to improve the economic (and biological) condition of the world's fisheries. The principal alternatives are regulation by taxation, licensing or some kind of property rights system, and the merits and demerits of each measure are analysed. It is concluded that a property rights system appears to hold the most promise for improved fisheries management in the future.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00976.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An analysis is undertaken of daily labour data collected once‐per‐week for a sample of 129 farm households in Benue State, Nigeria during 1979/80. The purpose of the analysis is to test for the presence of memory bias in these data for which the recall period is up to seven days.The analysis indicates significant between‐day differences in hours of agricultural work. This is partly due to the low work input for Sunday but it is also noted that the mean number of hours of agricultural work reported for the day prior to data collection is significantly lower than the means for days further removed from the time of data collection. This finding is taken to be confirmation that a significant level of memory bias exists in the labour data and it is estimated that reported hours of agricultural labour may overstate actual hours of such work by almost 38 per

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00977.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During the last decade increased production has occurred in horticulture under glass in the Netherlands. This results in a desired enlargement of the holdings and lots so as to bring about a more rational use of labour, capital and land. In addition, more attention is being paid to the impact of increasing energy prices, especially in connection with the length/width ratio of glasshouses. The total area of horticulture under glass increased from about 5,000 ha in 1960 to nearly 8,500 ha in 1979. From 1965 onwards the number of holdings with horticulture under glass decreased. Consequently the area of glasshouses per holding increased considerably. It is shown that the profitability of cultivation of vegetables and cut flowers was decreasing in the period considered. The cost components, as a percentage of total cost, remained more or less constant, though the cost of labour rose over 800% in this period. In spite of the large rise in cost of energy since 1973 the trend to use more intensively heated glasshouses is still in progress. As a result of changing production conditions in horticulture under glass, present land layout conditions are often outmoded. An attempt is made to quantify cost factors depending on the width and the size of the lot (and the glasshouse), and the results are graphically presented by way of iso‐cost curves. It may be concluded that a lot smaller than 1.25 ha (glasshouse size approximately 1.00 ha) or having a width of less than about 60m (glasshouse width approximately 55m), does have higher unit cost of production. In this respect, many holdings in the Netherlands are not operating under conditions where an ideally efficient management is possibl

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00978.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:The Costs of the Common Agricultural Policy. By Allan Buckwell, David Harvey, Kenneth Thomson and Kevin Parton.The Political Economy of Food Aid. By John Cathie.Resource and Environmental Economics. By Anthony C. Fisher.Rural Society in Southeast India. By Kathleen Gough.Grassland in the British Economy. Edited by J. L. Jollans.Progress in Rural Extension and Community Development, volume 1. Edited by Gwyn E. Jones and Maurice Rolls.A Survey of Agricultural Economics Literature,/Volume 3: Economics of Welfare, Rural Development and Natural Resources in Agriculture, 1940s to 1970s. Edited by Lee R. Martin.Agricultural Co‐operation. By Malcolm Sargent.The Political Economy of Underdevelopment. By S. B. de Silv

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00979.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1983.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY