摘要:

This paper presents a new approach to assessing the impact of price‐support policies on producer behaviour. This approach takes explicit account of the impact of such policies on a producer's uncertain production environment and includes a numerical procedure for calculating ex ante price variability from ex post producer price data. The method is applied to European Community agricultural industries in which intervention purchasing schemes operate. The results show the extent to which price support‐policies distort the signals producers receive from world mark

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00327.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the economic trading relationships underlying store livestock markets in the UK for beef steers, pigs and sheep. Economic decisions relating to store sales and purchases are set within the context of a dynamic, multi‐period, market‐clearing framework. A new approach to modelling store markets is introduced in which the rational‐expectations methodology to forming model‐consistent expectations is central. The results suggest how the store markets form part of a vertically integrated production system and reveal to what extent the beef steer, pig and sheep sectors exhibit econometrically identifiable re

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00328.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A representative farm policy impact model was developed using linear programming and primary survey data. The model was used to estimate farm‐level effects of proposed national government policies aimed at increasing food security through greater bread wheat production. The four policy options analysed included the introduction of a bread wheat variety resistant to an insect pest, an increase in the official bread wheat support price, potentially unlimited availability of nitrogen fertiliser, and rationing of nitrogen fertiliser at 500 kg per farm. The various policies increased farm income between 2.45 and 18 percent, as farmers made trade‐offs between the production of bread wheat and the more profitable durum wheat. Adjustments were made by farmers in the model to meet government‐targeted levels of bread wheat production in order to support national food self‐sufficiency at minimum cost. Simultaneously, the resources freed were used to produce more durum wheat. The results suggest a need to analyse interregional and international comparative advantages in wheat production prior to implementing proposed policies aimed at increasing bread wheat

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00329.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Consumer surplus for outdoor recreation has traditionally been estimated by a Clawson‐Knetsch travel‐cost method. This paper presents zonal consumer‐surplus estimates for visitors to a number of forests and compares these estimates to those derived from individual visitor observations. Both travel‐cost procedures are used to assess the magnitude of recreational benefits and are found to produce widely different consumer‐surplus estimates. This raises questions about research methodology and has implications for the value of recreation associated with forestry and its contribution to the rate of return on forest i

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00330.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A mathematical programming model of rural KwaZulu, excluding three northern districts, was developed to simulate agricultural production in regions of high and low cropping potential. This model aggregates enterprise levels predicted for four representative households of which two are in the high‐potential region and two in the low‐potential region.Several economic scenarios are simulated with the model to predict, inter alia, responses to changes in cereal prices, input subsidies, changes in off‐farm employment and a rental market for crop land. Long‐run food supply response is estimated to be inelastic with respect to changes in product and input prices. Higher food prices harm the majority of rural households. Lower input prices have little impact on household welfare. Conversely, it is predicted that a rental market for arable land could have a large positive impact on crop production and would improve household

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper analyses the structural characteristics of the food and drink industries and assesses their recent economic performance. Although classified among the less technologically intensive group of British manufacturing industries, the food and drink industries are found to share many of the features of the more technologically intensive group, such as product differentiation, product diversification and advertising intensity. They are also found to have achieved above‐average growth in labour and total factor productivity through expansion in size, capital accumulation and shedding of labou

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Closed‐market models embodying alternative specifications of supply, demand and substitutability conditions are developed to measure the economic benefits from a research‐caused improvement in quality. The models are applied to the estimation of the economic benefits from reducing backfat depth in Australian pork. A major finding is that the Australian pig industry has the potential to derive a gross research benefit of about $7 million per annum from a 10% reduction in backfat thickness in pigs. Under each of the chosen specifications, the larger share of this gain accrues to pig producers. There could be additional social gains as a result of health benefits not incorporated in consumers' valuati

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The short‐term viewpoint implicit in high discount rates seems to favour immediate forest exploitation rather than conservation for perpetual benefits. However, the value of logging revenues increases with a lower discount rate, because of the greater weighting given to investible funds. Thus, in several theoretical models, net present value of logging increases as discount rate is lowered. In practice, however, long‐term costs of logging may also incur the weighting appropriate to investment funds; reinvestment of logging revenues may not actually take place; and lower discount rates may be appropriate for costs but not revenues. These circumstances favour conservation, the more so at lower discount ra

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The social discount rate is derived from an inter‐temporal social utility model for land‐use projects in India. The social discount rate is a function of two parameters: the elasticity of social marginal utility of consumption and the growth rate of per capita real consumption. The final results for the social discount rate and the elasticity of social marginal utility of consumption are 2 per cent and ‐1.4 respectively. These values are plausible and comparable with other estimates found in the liter

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:BIL, A. (1990). The Shieling ‐ 1600–1840: The Case of the Central Scottish HighlandsBULLER, H. and WRIGHT, S. (1990). Rural Development: Problems and PracticesBURRELL, A. (ed.) (1989). Milk Quotas in the European CommunityCHAMBERS, R., PACEY, A. and THRUPP, L. A. (eds.) (1989)COLLIER, P., RADWAN, S. and WANGWE, S. with WAGNER, A. (1990.) Labor and Poverty in Rural Tanzania: Ujamaa and Rural Development in the United States Republic of TanzaniaCOLLINS, E. J. T., GILES, A. K. and MALLESON, J. G. K. (eds.) Innovation and ConservationJOHNSON, P. M. (1989) Redesigning the Communist Economy: The Politics of Economic Reform in Eastern EuropeKRUEGER, A. O., MICHALOPOULOS, C. and RUTTAN, V. W. (1989). Aid and Development Baltimore: Johns HopkinsCHATHIE, J. (1989) Food Aid and Industrialisation. Aldershot: GowerLOWE, P. and BODIGUEL, M. (eds.) (1990). Rural Studies in Britain and FranceROMERO, C. and REHMAN, T. (1989). Multiple Criterion Analysis for Agricultural Decisions. Amsterdam: ElsevierADAMOLEKUN, L. (1989). Issues in Development Management in Sub‐Saharan Africa. EDI Policy Seminar Report, No. 19 Economic Development Institute of the World BankCURRAN, T. (1990). The Theory and Practice of Agricultural Policy. EDI Policy Seminar Report, No. 24. Economic Development Institute of The World BankISLAM, N. (1990). Horticultural Exports of Developing Countries: Past Performance, Future Prospects, and Policy Issues. Research Report 80. Washington, D. CNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1989). Investing in Research: A Proposal to Strengthen the Agricultural Food, and Environmental System. Washington, D.CNATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (1989). Food Aid Projections for the Decade of the 1990s. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press (marketed and distributed by John WileyVAN DEN NOORT, P. C. (1990). Costs and Benefits of Agricultural Policies and Projects. Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium of the European Association of Agricultural Economics, October 1989, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPLUSQUELLEC, H. (1990). The Gezira Irrigation Scheme in Sudan: Objectives, Design and PerformanceSHAWKI, B. and LE MOIGNE, G. (eds.) (1990): Irrigation in Sub‐Saharan Africa: The Development of Public and Private SystemsWORLD BANK (1990). Agricultural Marketing: The World Bank's Experience, 1974–85. Washington: The World Bank, Operations Evaluation

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1991.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY