摘要:

Using a bargaining model the interaction between agriculture and the environment is explored. Application of the model to nitrogen pollution and management agreements directs attention to the research needs for achieving more rational environmental management

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Nitrogen response curves derived from experimental data are used with a profit maximising condition to obtain optimum N rates, yields and gross margin losses for a range of nitrogen and cereal prices. These results are used with a linear programming model of an arable farm to estimate changes in the optimal cropping allocation and hence the farm scale effects of relative price changes. Total nitrogen applied is found to have a limited response: a doubling of the N price reduces the total used by between 24% and 10% depending on the availability of low‐N break‐crops. Cereal price changes reduce profitability severely before having any significant effect on N

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The involvement of social scientists in agricultural research institutions has contributed to the improvement of research methods but has often been associated with conflict. The paper describes the development of such conflict in one composite situation and analyses five explanations: personal inadequacy; interdisciplinary communication barriers; poor group dynamics; inadequate institutional structure; and power struggle. It concludes that structural problems are more important than is usually recognised, and makes some suggestions as to the practical lessons of the analysis for social scientists, for the colleagues of social scientists and for policy‐maker

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper investigates the welfare implications of deficiency payment programmes for large, open economies. Illustrative calculations of the welfare effects of such programmes for the U.S. wheat market are made for 1978 and 1981.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Over the past twenty‐five years there have been important theoretical developments in the supply literature. Each has examined the likely impact on supply of introducing doses of realism into the standard neoclassical model. These have been administered for the most part independently, with the consequence that, though each has illuminated a single aspect of supply, no overall perspective has emerged. This essay seeks to provide a coherent and comprehensive framework of analysis and develops an estimatable model of supply within this framewor

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The terms ‘instability’ and ‘risk’ are sometimes used interchangeably in the literature. Some make the argument that instability will shift the firm's supply curve to the left if the producer is risk‐averse Risk, however, is associated with the unpredictable residuals, or deviations from the producer's revenue expectations. The inherent instability of these returns does not necessarily imply an added exposure to risk as long as the producer forms his expectations based on the entire information set available to him when constructing the mathematical model representing his judgement on the variables' future behaviour. The producer may also respond to the relative instability of the returns generated by an enterprise even if risk, as defined above, is perceived to be non‐existent. The existence of prediction errors exposes the producer to conditions of choice under risk while the predictable component exposes the producer to conditions of choice under instability. His preferences with regard to risk and instability may be quite different. The purpose of this paper is to extend the traditional planning model under risk to account for the producer's attitude toward the predicted instability of returns over time, and to illustrate the effect that this attitude will have upon his produ

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Risk and uncertainty are incorporated in an economic model to develop risk‐efficient pest control advice similar in character to advice currently being offered by researchers to farmers. An example to illustrate computation of risk‐efficient advice is presented and implications of risk aversion for efficient pest control advice and average pesticide use are exami

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper develops a decision aid for agricultural producers regarding their pest scouting and spraying activities. The basic issue is how estimates of pest populations are computed and when the operator should act using that information. Scouting for pests, essentially a search operation, can lead to a change in the strategy for applying pesticide. An adaptive‐scouting process is developed to unify the spraying and scouting activities. Some results, for the cotton‐lygus bug system, are presen

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers the behaviour of a farmer facing an unreliable market for his perishable product. In the context of a simple model, where unreliability is characterised as demand uncertainty at the going market price, the optimal responses of a risk‐averse farmer both to the introduction and to an increase in the level of unreliability are analysed. Conditions determining these responses are described and are shown to contrast markedly with the conditions determining a farmer's responses to uncertainty in other parameters such as price. Finally, the policy implications of the paper are discussed, with particular reference to the problem of unstable suppl

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1986.tb00321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY