摘要:

Among the policy alternatives for limiting fertiliser use, a tax on chemical fertiliser is administratively the easiest option. Its efficacy depends partly on the responsiveness of fertiliser demand to price changes. This paper reviews the empirical methodologies available for estimating the price elasticity of a derived demand and presents the results of several econometric models. The econometric analysis shows that the response of UK fertiliser demand to own‐price changes is greater than has been assumed on the basis of programming studies of arable farms. This result establishes a necessary but not a sufficient condition for an effective fertiliser tax. The full impact of a fertiliser tax over the longer term depends on the extent to which technical change is driven by trends in relative price

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increasing debt problems since the late 1970s have led many sub‐Saharan African countries to call on the IMF for balance of payments assistance. The conventional IMF approaches have proved unrealistic in the African context and the IMF, and the World Bank, have been groping towards appropriate structural adjustment programmes to correct the imbalances in the medium term. These programmes necessarily impinge on the agricultural sector and often rely on enhanced agricultural sector performance for their success. Price reform, both at a macro‐ and micro‐level is a frequently used adjustment instrument and its suitability and limitations in this context are exa

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The change in government expenditure which accompanies change in agricultural land use and output is an important parameter in current policy decisions. This change is estimated in this paper using a simple accounting model which recognises the diversity of support schemes in operation and the interaction between them. Use of the model is illustrated by estimating the effects of changes in beef, sheepmeat and cereals output under alternative assumptions about market conditions, yield levels and land classes affected. The paper concludes by discussing other ways in which the model might be used.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The economic returns to Canadian federal broiler chicken research between 1968 and 1984 were estimated using the economic surplus approach. The impact of distortions in the product market and of the excess burden of taxes on the net benefits of research and the distribution of gross benefits between producers and consumers were assessed. Rates of return to research investments at the margin over this period were estimated to be between 52% and 60%. All of the benefits of this research have accrued to consumers, and producers have actually been made worse off by broiler research under the existing regime of supply management.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01082.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A multi‐product, multi‐input translog cost function is used to investigate the structure of Northern Ireland agriculture. The two‐output four‐input cost model utilizes duality theory to facilitate econometric measurement of partial elasticities of substitution between inputs for each year, the annual own‐ and cross‐price elasticities of input demand, the annual overall scale economy parameter, and the annual rate of Hicks‐neutral technical change. It also permits an assessment of cost complementarity between the two outputs. The results obtained are compared with a similar, earlier study (Ray, 1982) on United States agriculture, and with descriptive analyses of Northern Irelan

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01083.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Agricultural policy decisions in the European Community tend to be treated as exogenous influences on agricultural markets, on the grounds that political factors assume a dominant (yet indeterminant) role in the decision‐making process of the Common Agricultural Policy. This paper attempts to endogenise the annual price‐fixing process in a behavioural model based on the assumption that politically motivated decision‐makers seek to achieve ‘satisficing’ rather than optimal solutions to the conflicting problems of farm income support and budgetary ex

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01084.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents the results from estimating an Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) for food and meat for France. Since AIDS is indirectly non‐additive and consistent with the requirements of demand theory as well as having other desirable characteristics, it is an appropriate choice for examining food and meat demand. A particular advantage of AIDS is that its linear approximation is an excellent first‐order approximation to the complete system and this version is used in the present paper. Income and price elasticities are presented, calculated at both their mean value and at different points to examine possible changes in patterns of demand behavi

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01085.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evidence from a survey of farmers' reactions to milk quotas suggests that there remains a fundamental divide between policymakers' views of the future farm and those of the farmers themselves. This paper examines this dichotomy in the context of one important milk‐producing county, Devon. Here an emphasis at County Council level on non‐agricultural diversification is found to contrast with the actions and intentions of sampled farmers. These favour instead an increase in farm self‐sufficiency and an exploration of mainstream farming options, particularly an increase in beef and sheep enterp

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01086.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This note presents a framework for examining certain aspects of the interactions between the food processing and distribution sectors in the UK. Both these components of the food industry are characterised by a high and increasing degree of structural concentration such that they have potential market power, and their behavioural interdependence may have implications for economic performance. Indeed, in recognition of this, official enquiries (Monopolies and Mergers Commission (1981) and Office of Fair Trading (1985)) have been conducted into competition in the food retailing sector. Whilst these reports have suggested that increasing structural concentration in the food industry has not been detrimental to the performance goals of economy (price competition), efficiency (resource allocation) and progress (variety, quality, new products), they have stressed the desirability of the continued monitoring of competition.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1989.tb01087.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY