摘要:

This paper examines the effects of taxes and investment incentives on relative capital/labour costs on farms of different sizes. Income tax relief reduces the cost of purchased non‐capital inputs to farmers, while investment incentives reduce the cost of capital items. A framework is developed for calculating the relative magnitudes of these effects and it is shown that capital costs have been reduced relative to labour costs throughout the post‐war period in the U.K. and on large farms (paying a higher tax rate) more than on small fa

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00707.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The profitability of forestry depends on the future trend of timber prices. Three plausible price predictions placed the margin of profitability at three widely differing levels of physical productivity. A good estimate of the elevation at which marginal profitability could be expected under each price prediction was given by productivity/elevation regressions for existing plantations in each of three localities in North Wales. Cartographic sampling enabled the cumulative area of rough grazings below this elevation to be estimated. By combining empirical relationships between price trend, profitability, productivity, elevation and cumulative area, a heavy dependence of afforestable area on future price trend can be demonstrated for North Wales; similar results would be expected throughout Britain. Inclusion of land products other than timber complicates the exercise. The significance of price trend for many forestry decisions justifies much more research on price prediction.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00708.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A supplementary retirement grant (I. V.D.) has been the most important of a range of measures introduced since 1962 as a solution to social and structural problems in French agriculture. Although one‐third of the country's agricultural area has been transferred through the scheme, there has been no revolutionary change in farm sizes. The restructuring required by the policy has been relatively slight and the economic attractions of the retirement grant have declined, particularly since the early 1970's. Problems have also arisen from the uneven spatial adoption of the pension, from internal contradictions within the scheme and from the lack of co‐ordination with other aspects of government support for agriculture and regional development pol

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00709.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Econometric analyses of demand for butter in a number of countries have produced results which appeared to conflict with expectations. Specifically the sign of the co‐efficient for margarine price was negative rather than the positive sign expected with a presumed substitute product.Gollnick (1954), who was the first econometrician to meet this problem, advanced the hypothesis of a constant fat budget to explain the paradox. Among other works which reported similar paradoxical results were Hesse (1967), Wierenga (1968 and 1974), Oskam and Wierenga (1974), Upton and Wittenberg (1974) and Vertessen (1979). The markets studied were Germany, Netherlands and Belgium.In this paper we discuss the Gollnick hypothesis (it appears to have been ignored in English language economic journals), explore its mathematical implications, present some recent results which appear to support it and discuss whether the hypothesis might be valid for other product

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper considers the role of farm management in ensuring compatibility of extension content with the motives and constraints of individual peasant farmers. It emphasises the need for a modicum of farm management expertise in the communication of innovation from extension agent to farmer but questions the suitability of advanced farm management techniques for this purpose. It is argued that, if the potential contribution of farm management is to be realised, there is a need for an intermediate and appropriate farm management technology.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Orange consumption is of special interest to the EEC since three new citrus‐producing countries are scheduled to enter into the community. Demand for sweet oranges has changed over time as EEC trade policies change. Time varying parameters procedures are used to evaluate the dynamics of orange demand in the community of nine. The demand estimates are then used to make consumption projections through 1990. The merits of TVP models are contrasted to those of OL

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper investigates the intertemporal relationship between cash and futures price changes using the techniques of spectral analysis. Daily data for the wheat, corn and soybean markets are analysed to determine if and how cash and futures prices move together. On a daily basis wheat and corn cash and futures prices move together; soybeans cash and futures prices do not move together on a daily basis.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1982.tb00716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY