ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comparison was made between 3 groups of elderly subjects — normal controls aged 69–79 years, patients with vascular dementia aged 64–84 years and patients with probable senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) aged 70–90 years — by means of several tests of olfactory functions. Significant group differences were found at all levels assessed — olfactory thresholds, smell recognition, smell identification, naming of smells — with the normal aged performing best and the SDAT group scoring lowest throughout. The differences were most pronounced with regard to smell recognition and smell identification where minimal or no overlap at all between controls and SDAT patients was found. Differences in age and severity of dementia did not fully account for the findings, suggesting that differential diagnosis of Alzheimer ‐ type dementia could be facilitated and improved by the use of olfactory tasks. Neurophysiological and ‐ pathological findings support a close association or even identity of brain structures involved in olfaction and affected in Al

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA random sample of 368 elderly residents in nine geriatric institutions in Milan was selected, and interviewed using the Intervista Psicogeriatrica, the modified Italian version of the OBS scale (82.1 % successfully completed) and the Depression scale (75.5 % successfully completed) of the Comprehensive Assessment and Referral Evaluation (CARE). The estimated prevalence rates of dementia and depression were 36 % and 30 % respectively, and 50 % for either or both diagnoses. Correlates of dementia were characteristics of the institutions (size, ownership, and admission criteria), age (for women), age at admission, female sex, and poor education. Correlates of depression were disability, length of stay in men (negative association), and marital status. Correlates of dementia and depression were also examined using multivariate analysis. The only significant independent effects on dementia were admission criteria of the institutions and age, while on depression were sex and marital status.

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract22% of the elderly residents of the 12 local authority homes in one London borough were being prescribed major tranquillisers (neuroleptic) medication. Standard diagnoses of severe dementia and of depression in residents without severe dementia were associated with this prescription as was a report by the Head of Home that the resident wandent wandered and was suspicious. These findings suggested that some non ‐ demented residents who display disturbed behaviour are being prescribed this medication, as well as residents with marked dementia. As these drugs cause many unpleasant side effects, careful assessment of mental state should be carried out before they are prescribed. This survey thus highlights the need for greater input from psychiatric services into local authority home

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElderly outpatients on the register of the Alzheimer's Disease clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, were screened for alcohol abuse, the aim being to assess the rôle of alcohol in their dementia.Twenty one percent were found to be heavy drinkers or alcohol abusers, at some time in the past. Sixty‐four percent of these had been actively drinking at the time of onset of first symptoms of the dementia. Clinicians need to be alert to the possibility that alcohol may be an aetiological factor in their elderly patients presenting with dement

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the total suicide rate in England and Wales has risen between 1974 and 1983, the proportion due to self ‐ poisoning has fallen, particularly in the younger age groups. While analgesics are now the commonest means of suicidal self ‐ poisoning in both sexes and at all ages, barbiturates still account for a significant proportion of elderly suicides. Tricyclics and benzodiazepines are implicated in a relatively small proportion of suicides in old age. If removal of the means of suicide is an effective preventive strategy in the elderly, then more careful prescribing practices could lead to a lower suicide rate in this age gr

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA geronto‐psychiatric epidemiological study was carried out in Kanagawa prefecture. The total sample comprised 1800 subjects randomly selected among 224 492 people aged 65 years and over. Two hundred and thirty subjects with suspected ill health, selected from the primary survey by lay raters, were individually interviewed to perform psychiatric and physical evaluations by psychiatrists and psychologists with a semi‐structured interview form. Strict criteria similar to that of DSM‐III were used to diagnose dementia. The study revealed that the prevalence of the aged with dementia in the community was 4.8%. Prevalence increased with age and showed a great predominance of vascular dementia. The prevalence of non‐vascular senile dementia in Japan is lower than that reported in studies from outside Japan. Some possible explanatory factors for this finding are di

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeventy‐seven randomly selected elderly patients in a primary care internal medicine practice were assessed and rated by their internists for the presence and severity of depression. Management recommendations were recorded by internists in each case. On the same day, the patients were interviewed and scored using the SHORT‐CARE Instrument, which includes a scale of depression. A chart review a year and a half later was made to demonstrate compliance with the internists' recommendations. Results showed that internists were quite skilled at recognizing depression and responded with specific management plans, but did not follow through with their own plans for counselling of patients or referral of patients to mental health practition

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA random community sample of 1070 subjects aged over 65 was interviewed by trained non‐medical interviewers using the Geriatric Mental State, community version (GMSA). A sub‐sample of 126 subjects was selected so as to contain possible early cases of dementia, pseudo‐dementia, and normal subjects; and re‐interviewed, a mean 1 year and 23 weeks later, by a group of psychiatrists in training. The computer diagnosis AGECAT, based on GMSA applied by non‐medical raters, had predicted at initial interview, nine out of twelve cases of dementia at follow‐up and five out of nine borderline cases. An Organic/Depression Index may prove useful in predicting which of those cases with early organic levels will eventually develop dementia, depression

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDr Eric Midwinter MA, became Director of the Centre for Policy on Ageing in September 1980. In the field of ageing he is particularly associated with education and leisure opportunities, income maintenance and the political and cultural dimension of older age. He is General Secretary of the University of the Third Age National Committee, and is author of ‘Age is Opportunity: education and older people’ and ‘Mutual Aid Universities’, as well as ‘The wage of retirement: the case for a new pensions policy’.Social historian, educationist, consumer champion, author and broadcaster, his previous career was principally in the community education field and the public service consumer movement, and he is at present Chairman of the London Regional Passenger

ISSN:0885-6230    

DOI:10.1002/gps.930010111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY