摘要:

Abstract.Traditional issues in personnel have generally been analysed by industrial psychologists or sociologists. While their work has produced insights, some of the problems are inherently economic. This paper examines some traditional personnel issues in an economic framework. Worker turnover, incentive problems, promotion decisions, compensation methods, up‐or‐out arrangement and job tenure are analysed. Some questions for future research are presented in conclus

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The paper argues that it is detrimental to assume perfect competition and total flexibility of labour markets in order to understand the intensity and stability of growth. Whereas development theories emphasize the impact of imperfect labour markets, this is not so for modern endogenous growth theories. By contrast, therégulationapproaches (in the French meaning) both theoretically and empirically suggest that the transformations in labour institutions might have played a crucial role in the post World War II boom: an unprecedented division of labour associated with long‐run labour relations contracts have enhanced the genuine Fordist growth model. Furthermore, international comparisons among OECD countries suggest that job regulations and active minimum wage policies may have created some short‐run disequilibria but have stimulated dynamic efficiency, via more technological and organizational innovations. Consequently, this area requires more active researches by labour econom

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Empirical research on gender pay gaps has traditionally focused on the role of gender‐specific factors, particularly gender differences in qualifications and differences in the treatment of otherwise equally qualified male and female workers (i.e. labor market discrimination). An innovative feature of recent research is to focus on the role of wage structure — the array of prices set for various labor market skills — in influencing the gender gap. In this paper, I consider the determinants of gender differences in pay and summarize empirical evidence on the importance of various factors in explaining gender pay gaps, highlighting the role of wage structure. To illustrate how it can impact the gender gap, I summarize my research on international differences in male‐female wage differentials, as well as preliminary findings on trends over time in gender differentials in the United

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We analyse the unemployment problem in the largest Chinese city, Shanghai, based on a survey of the unemployed conducted in late 1989. We find, as expected, that unemployment is particularly serious among school‐leavers and contract and temporary workers, but also find a surprisingly high incidence of unemployment amongst permanent state employees and relatively long unemployment durations. The Shanghai unemployed rely heavily on occasional work for support, and only a small proportion‐receive state benefit. We identify problems of interpretation stemming from the stock‐sampling nature of the survey, and use non‐parametric methods to reveal an underlying strong downward movement in individual re‐employment prob

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Most governments intervene in the labor market to promote the provision of certain merit goods such as retirement income and health insurance. As economic integration has progressed within the European Community, questions have arisen concerning the harmonization of such benefits. Using case studies from three non‐EC countries—the US., Canada, and Taiwan—the authors show that benefit structures and decisions reflect institutions which are difficult to change and whose patterns do not seem to reflect a simple economic determinism.The U.S. and Canada, two similar countries with integrated product markets, have adopted very different health insurance policies, but similar pension policies. Taiwan, despite its different stage of development, has a Canadian‐style health insurance system and is currently grappling with how to arrange its pensions. A key outcome of the benefit‐decision process is whether entitlements are external to the firm or contingent on maintaining a specific job attachment.An important factor in modifying benefit arrangements is the degree of social concertation present in national political systems. Benefits systems are best designed or reformed when institutions permit discussion of macro pressures. EC countries, now considering harmonization of economic institutions, have the opportunity to modernize their benefit arrangements.A related paper was presented to the Ninth World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Associations and its associated Study Group on Economic Policy and Social Concertation, Sydney, Australia, August 30‐Septem

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This paper analyses the structure of the Brazilian Labour Code (CLT), the changes introduced since its approval in 1943, emphasizing the new Federal Constitution of 1988, the costs of labour and of dismissals for employers, the structure of union organizations, the regulation of collective bargaining and capital labour conflicts, and the process of wages determination. We also analyze the evolution of strike activity, and the evolution of wage differentials and functional distribution of income between profits and wages in industry in the last 15 years.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This paper is concerned with the possible economic effects of the demographic movements expected to emerge in the OECD area over the next 30 years. It is argued that the labour and product market implications of the changing population size and ageing are not as worrying as conventional wisdom believes, especially if counterbalancing economic policies are implemented. The most negative effect will probably concern a potential productivity slowdown, but ageing might also have some positive side‐effects; implying, for example, declining youth unemploymen

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This paper examines methodological issues in labour economics, by examining the claim that it is moving closer to notions of procedural rationality advocated by Herbert Simon. A content analysis of theJournal of Labor Economicsshows that the orthodox methodological perspective of deductivism has a strong hold in labour economics, and the nature of the empirical work is also allied to this perspective, casting doubts as to whether labour economics has moved towards procedural rationality. The paper then explores the possibilities of a bridge between labour economics and the schools of institutional labour economics and industrial relations. The paper argues that the former needs to borrow in a more constructive way from the latter in order to construct the procedures for procedural rationality.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1993.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY