摘要:

ABSTRACTSome features of the present recession must attract attention: acceleration of inflation in 1989–90, sharp deterioration of expectations in summer 1992, persistence of high real interest rates, lack of inter‐country correlation between the fiscal stance and the increase in unemployment. These features do not damage the main framework used in the past decades for macroeconomic policy analysis, but they emphasize the importance of a better understanding of the formation and role of expectations, of the dynamics of debt deflation, of the presence and evolution of major disequilibria in the structure of relative prices and remuneration ra

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to test econometrically a number of models of labour supply which fall within the neoclassical and Keynesian theories, in an attempt to obtain indications of validation of the theories themselves. The econometric assessment, carried out with a cohort approach to labour supply, shows that Italian female participation rates react well to the variables belonging to both the neoclassical versions of models — with the exception of the version regarding intertemporal choices — and the Keynesian ones. Both in terms of testing for the selection of alternative regression models, such as those for non‐nested hypotheses and for selection of regressors, and of “internal” investigation within the estimated models, the results obtained are not without ambiguity. They therefore leave open the question as to which theory can explain labour supply in the most significant and approp

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper contains cost‐benefit rules for public projects in a small open economy with a tradeable and non‐tradeable sector, where wage setting is done by a representative household. The interpretation, with regard to traditional trade union theory, is in terms of a general equilibrium version of a monopoly union model. The intertemporal character of the model makes it possible to consider public projects which involve the creation of infrastructure that improves the future productivity of both labour and capital. A special feature of the model is the introduction of endogenous investment behaviour. However, since private investment is optimally adjusted in the initial equilibrium, envelope properties guarantee that first‐order projects will only have second‐order repercussions through changed investment behaviour, which means that indirect changes in private investment do not enter the project evaluation rules for small p

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper a simple monopoly union model for the Swedish economy is presented and estimated. Interest is focused on the union's objectives. The results indicate that two popular representations of union objectives — wage bill and rent maximisation — are rejected by the data. Instead, preferences are highly concave in the wage rate, with an estimated degree of relative risk aversion well above unity evaluated at sample me

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe first part of the paper considers a behavioural model of trade unionism. Wages and employment are characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment as arguments, and is constrained by a trade‐off between these two variables as represented by the firm's labour demand function. In the second part, the model's equilibrium predictions for wages are estimated in the framework of a multivariate error correction model and tested for cointegration with data from Britain's manufacturing sector from 1967 to 198

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article takes a closer look at the scope of actual early retirements, reasons for choosing early retirement, the popularity of different types of flexible retirement schemes, and the status of elderly employees within their own organization. It appears that positive reasons for choosing early retirement are more often mentioned by persons in higher professional groups, by those with a higher level of education, and by those who work in the civil service or the service sector. Neutral and negative reasons are mentioned more often by persons in lower professional groups, by those with a lower level of education, and by those working in the industrial sector. Although the motives for opting for early retirement differ, there do not appear to be great differences between categories of respondents if they have been able to choose their age at retirement personally, within specified age limits. Approximately a quarter of the respondents indicated they would leave work at the age of 60, even if this meant a 30% drop in net income.

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTWage policies in France were substantially renewed in the 1980s; this renewal was reflected in two phenomena: profit‐sharing and merit payment. Merit payment is analysed here in relation to the emergence of new forms of organization of production. The need for higher‐skilled labour, the relative decline of execution work and Taylorism have led to the setting up of systems of individual assessment and a more coherent organization of internal labour markets. Thus, merit payment should be seen as a very different practice from piece work: rather, it is the first attempt to establish a system of payment which could serve as a basis for renewing the entire wage bargaining set

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTDuring the 1980s, Italy radically changed its position in the international migration system, from supplier of labour to user of foreign labour. But the nature of Italian immigration is different from that which has marked the post‐war process of European development: new immigration flows are no longer an instrument of quantitative rebalancing of labour markets, but instead acquire a function of qualitative rebalancing in sectors where there appears to be a lack of labour supply in particular jobs and qualifications. This paper combines the information available from official sources with those obtainable by the numerous special surveys which have been carried on the phenomenon in the last few years. This framework allows us to underline — even with the limitations due to still‐backward documentation — the characteristics of present immigration, by now firmly rooted in the country but still far from reaching a stable and definitive arra

ISSN:1121-7081    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9914.1994.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY