摘要:

The juvenile justice system has undergone radical change in the past three decades. The procedural revolution that began at the end of the 1960s with the Gault decision has more recently evolved into a substantive revolution. The changes in juvenile justice have been many and in some instances drastic, particularly in the apparent demise of the rehabilitative ideal. New theories or models have emerged, incorporating terminology such as punishment, justice, and accountability into the vocabulary of juvenile justice practitioners and the lexicon of state juvenile codes.The transformation in the philosophy and underlying goals of the system has been well‐documented over the past decade or so. It is now time to ask critical questions about the significance and meaning of this transformation and to bring attention to unresolved issues. This article suggests the issues that need to be addressed in order to make both practical and philosophical sense out of the changes in the mission of “juvenile justi

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To engage in recovery from addiction, most addicts need consequences and external structure. Although dependency courts routinely order substance abusing parents into treatment, the compliance rate is as low as 20%. While some parents will never participate, others may become motivated by court orders that apply the addiction treatment principles of simple steps and immediate consequences. The model proposed below presents one such approach.

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article presents the findings of an analysis of victim offender mediation programs working with the juvenile courts in Albuquerque (NM), Minneapolis (MN) and Oakland (CA). The study is based upon 868 interviews with crime victims and offenders, including pre‐ and post‐mediation interviews and two different comparison groups.The data that emerged from this study indicates that the vast majority of both victims and young offenders experience the mediation process and outcome (restitution agreement) as fair and are satisfied with the program. The mediation process used by the programs in Albuquerque, Minneapolis and Oakland results in greater satisfaction, greater perception of fairness and higher restitution completion rates than found in a matched sample of victims and offenders who were not referred to mediat

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this article, we examine gang membership and gang activity in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. We collected the data through a self‐administered questionnaire completed by 373 randomly selected 9th and 11th grade students attending two high schools and two junior high schools. By the self‐report method, 56 indicated they were currently active in a gang; another 45 had been members of gangs but were no longer involved; and, “wannabes,” or students who at some time had considered joining a gang but did not or could not, totaled 68. The 169 students who indicated some interest in or involvement with gangs represented 45% of the total sample. A more restrictive definition of actual gang membership (i.e., the group must have initiation rites and employ some external symbols of membership, such as “colors,” tattoos, or handsigns) results in a different trichotomization. We employ both the self‐definition and restrictive definition of gang membership in our analysis of their personal biographical characteristics and criminal behavior. Our findings suggest that self‐definition demonstrates clearer ties to self‐reported gang‐related activities than does the more restrictive one. We discuss the policy implications of this fin

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCourthistories of 501 juvenile offenders prosecuted in adult court were followed as part of an effort to develop a point scale recommendation system for a large pretrial services agency. The point scale and two variations used criteria that predicted a warrant (failure to appear for one or more scheduled appearances) more accurately than when other traditional criteria used for adults were applied to this population. The juvenile offenders, although facing trial on charges of high severity, had lower warrant and recidivism rates during court processing than comparable samples of 16‐year‐old adult defendants. Implications are discussed for the efficacy of prosecuting juveniles in the adult system and the feasibility of separate pretrial recommendation systems to enable a higher proportion of reliable defendants to secure release pending tr

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article examines problems and issues of the juvenile justice and drug&alcohol systems in the context of treatment resistant, substance dependent, delinquent youth. The evaluation research on traditional medical model treatment shows high drop‐out and relapse rates along with limited impact on polydrug users. Outdoor challenge programs are reviewed as an alternative within the context of Opponent‐Process Theory and the therapeutic use of stress. These forms of stressful challenge may produce improved self‐esteem and positive affect which may be useful as alternative forms of substance abuse treatment, especially for resistant delinquent youth who have not benefitted from more traditional forms of trea

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractJuvenile courts in the United State are using risk assessment to measure relative levels of risk posed by delinquent offenders. Risk assessment aids in decisions about restrictiveness, supervision and the type and intensity of treatment needed. The current study surveyed all states in an effort to define the current state‐of‐the‐art in juvenile risk assessment. The results indicate most states have some semblance of risk assessment of juvenile offenders, but a minority of states have formal risk assessment instruments. The predominate risk factors measured in the 50 states include measures of offense severity, past history of offenses, age of the offender, psychological measures, use of community resources, substance abuse, prior institutionalization, family problems, peer group association and absconding. This qualitative research provides an overview of the scope and sophistication of juvenile risk assessment and may provide models for states wishing to implement risk asses

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1992.tb00720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY