摘要:

AbstractTransfer (or waiver) of juveniles to criminal court is one of the most extreme responses to serious youth crime. Although many states have recently revised their transfer statutes, and the number of juveniles prosecuted as adults increases each year, little research has been conducted to assess the correctional experiences of delinquent youth convicted in criminal court and sentenced to adult prison. Evaluations of such experiences are important to policymakers and juvenile justice officials who are considering juvenile transfers as a strategy for securing longer and harsher confinement for offenders. Based on interviews with 59 chronic juvenile offenders placed in state training schools, and 81 comparable youths sentenced to adult correctional facilities, this article presents a comparison of offenders' perceptions of their correctional experiences. Juveniles incarcerated in training schools give more positive evaluations of treatment and training programs, general services, and institutional personnel than do those youths in prison. Juveniles housed in institutions which emphasize security over treatment — i.e., prisons — are more often victimized during their confinement than youths in the treatment‐oriented training schools. Once placed in prisons, adolescent inmates are more likely to be victims of prison violence and crime from both inmates and staff. These research results suggest some paradoxical effects of the treatment‐custody distinction implicit in judicial waiver practices. The differential socialization into crime and violence for youths in adult prisons may increase the risks of having these types of behavior repeated by transferred youths once r

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00634.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent advances in medical technology have created possible conflicts with estate succession. Three specific medical advances that confuse succession statutes are artificial insemination, surrogate motherhood, and “test tube babies.” These medical break‐throughs have raised a burning question in the area of intestate succession: From whom will the child inherit, the natural parent,1the artificial parent (donor),2or both? This article will: 1) define the medical advances causing confusion in interpreting succession statutes; 2) discuss the current law of succession as it applies to each medical advance; and 3) propose a model statute to avoid the succession problems which currently

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00635.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00636.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe evolution and application of this screening instrument, the Adolescent Developmental Disabilities Screening (ADDS), is based on the spectrum model of developmental disabilities. Scale construction is outlined, including the selection and revision of screening criteria and tasks. Results of multiple discriminant, factor, and correlational analyses are reported and suggest the instrument to be a powerfully discriminating measure, and reliable internally as well over time. Development and application of the measure are discussed in the context of an identified need within the juvenile justice system where the prevalence of developmental disabilities far exceeds that of the general population. The screening test appears to be well‐suited for a variety of human service and educational setting

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines a program designed to provide a family court with a means of lessening the probability that youths on probation for shoplifting will return to criminal behavior.A single staff member within the family court screened possible participants, all of whom were defined as first‐time shoplifting offenders and had been assigned to formal or informal probation. Each individual was invited to participate in a four‐hour clinic, during which time the realities and possible consequences of shoplifting were explained. If they were able to successfully complete six months of supervised probation, then only the administrative record remained; the conviction itself was expunged. Over a period of nine months, a total of 154 juveniles were invited; however, only 100 actually took part in all facets of the program. A total of 30 clinic attendees and 14 nonparticipants were excluded from the present analysis, owing to missing data, or the fact that at the time of follow‐up, they were legally classified as adults. The prior and subsequent court contacts of 110 subjects are reviewed. While less than 3% of either group had subsequent shoplifting arrests, nearly 26% of the program group and 35% of the nonparticipants were rearrested. Factors associated with long‐term success and failure are examined. Possible reasons for these observations are discussed, with specific grounding in the shoplifting literature and the concepts of juvenile diversion and “net

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0161-7109    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-6988.1989.tb00641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY