摘要:

ThePearl‐Poet initially links Jonah and the whale inPatienceon the basis of a common willfulness which opposes Divine biddings. Jonah's stay inside the whale enables the prophet to purge himself of this willfulness, and thePearl‐Poet charts this progress through shifts in narrative perspective. The reader follows Jonah's entry into the whale first from the perspective of the omniscient narrator (11. 251‐255) and then from the individual perspective of the prophet himself as he passes through the whale's gullet to its stomach (11. 266‐272). Moreover, the poet's intent in his description of Jonah's prayers while in the whale is to depict a man who learns that the whale not only holds him in but also keeps the Divine out: through prayer (1 1.282‐288,305‐312) Jonah shifts his perspective from that of a man‐centered universe to one in which all is seen to emanate from the Divine. Finally, God's command to release Jonah from the whale and the swift deliverance of the prophet to shore (1 1.337‐340) attest to Jonah's new poverty of will and to his newfound willingness to d

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00760.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In essence this article is concerned with two questions, firstly the position ofDer zerbrochne Krugwithin the main corpus of Kleist's writing and thought, and secondly with the problematic issue of Kleist's general position within the dominant intellectual and artistic movement of the age in which he was writing, namely Romanticism.Three areas ofDer zerbrochne Krugare analysed: the experience of the characters, especially Adam; the structure of the action; and the use of symbol, and it is argued from this analysis that the unifying centre of the work is to be found in the tension between subjective and objective, or free and necessary perception and response. This pattern is then related to Romantic theory of comedy in an attempt to demonstrate the ways in which Kleist significantly deviates from the central tenets of Romantic thought as embodied in that theory. On the basis of that contrast parallels are then drawn betweenDer zerbrochne Krug, Kleist's vision in general and the kind of experience of the years around the turn of the century which informs, for example, the genre of the fate tragedy.

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00761.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The subtleties of Henry James's art have been much examined, but one aspect of his technique, at least in the early stages of his career, was strikingly simple and conventional: his physical descriptions of his characters are unambiguous indications of the basic moral polarities of the tales. The Americans in the early tales all belong to the same physical type, and the Europeans also share a common physique, which is in marked contrast to that of the Americans. These contrasts are maintained systematically from tale to tale, and often a thematic analogy between characters in different tales is reflected by common details in their descriptions.These points are established in an examination of physical descriptions in several early tales:A Passionate Pilgrim, The Madonna of the Future, Madame de Mauves, Four Meetings. An International Episode, and A Bundle of Letters.In the final pages of the essay it is demonstrated that this system of physical types is closely linked to James's deepest (and perhaps not fully articulated) feelings about Europe and America, and the suggestion is made that his physical descriptions of American characters hint at their deepest flaw ‐ a profound unease in the face of lif

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00762.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper seeks to place the image of woman as landscape, frequent in Eluard, in the structure of the poems in which it appears. The image most often indicates a transition within the poem from a state of personal identity to one of impersonality; but this basic structure is subject to systematic modifications affecting the character of the image and of the states preceding and succeeding it; thus poems may imply a range of different values and may present the relationship of speaker and other people or outside world more or less positively. Forms of the image may also occur initially, so that the remainder of the text shows either a gradual development of the impersonal state they imply or the overcoming of an obstacle to it; or they may occur finally, either as a surprising closure or as a reinforcement of a previous occurrence of the image in some form. In thus selecting among the imagined implications of the image, Eluard imposes an order on his fascination with the body in space.

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00763.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The structure of L'Etranger is founded on the dialectical relationship between conflictual pairs of principles: eros and thanatos, the noumenal and the phenomenal, and above all the diurnal (antithesis, aggression, negation) and the nocturnal (reconciliation, passivity, euphemization). The latter dialectic manifests itself in the change from the first half of the work, which is predominantly diurnal in character (outdoors and daytime activities, bright sunshine), and the second, which is primarily nocturnal (imprisonment, sleep, and generally indoors activities). Perhaps its most significant manifestation, however, is that which pits the protagonist against the world in which he lives. It is this form taken by the diurnal/nocturnal conflict that motivates and explains both the centrally‐located climax (the violent incident on the sun‐struck beach) and the final welcoming of the eternal night and darkness of de

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00764.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

1. Mieke Bal (MB), assistante A l'université de UtrechtMario Santoro:Fortuna, Ragione e Prudenza nella civilta del Cinquecento.Barbara Gentikow:Skandinavien als präkapitalistische Idylle. Rezeption gesellschaftskritischer Literatur in deutschen Zeitschriften 1870 bis 191

ISSN:0105-7510    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0730.1980.tb00765.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY