ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPerceptions of functioning levels of baccalaureate students nearing graduation were assessed, comparing views of 15 educators, 15 health department administrators, and 185 students. A modified list of the 47 essential public health nursing competencies identified through the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Division of Nursing served as the basis for data collection and analyses. Student competencies in individual skills were ranked higher than group and community competencies by all three groups surveyed. Students ranked competencies at higher levels than educators and educators at higher levels than administrators. Although administrators continue to advise new graduates to work in acute care before entering community health, support for continuation of this practice was not observed based on administrator ratings.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Interactive and Organizational Model of Community as Client is presented as a conceptual framework for the specialty of public health nursing. A descriptive study was undertaken that explored a construct of the model, community‐focused nursing. The study used a survey mailed to a stratified, random sample of directors of public health nursing (n= 145) in local health departments in an eight‐state region of the mid‐western United States. Seventy‐nine percent (n= 115) of the directors responded. The vast majority reported performance of community‐focused nursing functions. Implications for nursing‐model development, education and practice ar

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRural community and public health nursing are characterized by an impressive commitment of nurses to their communities and a connectedness of people to one another. Home care as an integral part of long‐term and acute care for the older adult population has emerged as a vital practice area in community health nursing. The purpose of this ethnographic field study was to describe rural home care for frail older adults from the perspective of those providing and receiving care. More than 250 interviews were conducted with home care providers, recipients and their families, and other community members. The setting included eight culturally and geographically diverse counties in rural Colorado. One major theme is presented: the perceived change in the spirit of rural community nursing due to the overwhelming documentation required for home care reimbursement. Oppressive paperwork requirements impeded practice and resulted in fewer home visits per day, low job satisfaction, increased nursing staff turnover, decreased quality of care, and changed the spirit of community nursing from an emphasis on caring and community service to a focus on reimbursement. The study results have timely implications for health policy formulation as the United States undergoes major health care refor

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Healthy Communities 2000 mandate calls for public health leaders to involve community members in setting health priorities and implementing programs in response to the national health objectives for the year 2000 (American Public Health Association, 1991). This paper describes community involvement through a community empowerment nursing intervention and evaluates its application in a rural community. A community health nursing project (AHCPR, Grant No. HS06801) with three interventions, one of which was community empowerment, was designed to address the health needs of small, rural, underserved, primarily Mexican American communities in Arizona. Community empowerment in this project was based on the community‐development approach to community organization, and involved community health nurses and lay health workers, calledpromotoras, who are key persons in community development. The implementation of two health fairs, one the result of the community‐empowerment intervention, is described and evaluated in relation to community health. The community‐empowerment intervention was based on community participation and responsibility, hallmarks of the second health fair, reflecting lay expertise and cooperation among various levels of the community. Successes and limitations of the health fairs provide feedback for developing a community‐empowerment inter

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe primary purposes of this study were to understand the level of functioning for independent living (FIL) as well as to analyze related factors among the elderly. A questionnaire was used to collect data in a face‐to‐face interview. A total of 247 subjects over 65 years of age completed the questionnaire. The subjects, who lived at home in Keelung City in Taiwan, Republic of China, were interviewed by trained interviewers. Data analysis was performed using a personal computer with SPSS/PC + 5.0. The results indicated the following: The most common diagnoses of the elderly were hypertension, visual impairment, stomach disease, and arthritis. The level of FIL for most subjects ranged from total independence to mild impairment. According to step‐wise multiple regression analysis, five significant variables (physical activity status, the number of chronic diseases, health care needs, age, and care provider) were the optimal predictors of physical FIL and total FIL. Three variables (physical activity status, number of chronic illnesses, and care provider factors) were the optimal predictors of mental FIL. Finally, recommendations are made regarding health policy, community nursing practice, and further

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNumerous sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of both viral and bacterial origin exist. Nursing and medical literature typically focuses on adults with STD, with vague regard for the epidemiology of STD among prepubertal children. This article focuses on childhood sexually transmitted disease as a consequence of sexual abuse. Nurses are encouraged, however, to assess both for STDs among child victims of sexual abuse and for sexual abuse among child victims of STDs. Some of the more common sexually transmitted diseases among adults, such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachmatis, Treponema pallidum, genital herpes simplex Virus, human papillomavirus and HIV/AIDS are discussed as they occur in children between the ages of 1 and 12 years. Suggestions are provided for nurses regarding assessment and protocols (interviews and examinations) and interventions.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRelationships of five selected variables to the adequacy of prenatal care of pregnant students in urban public high schools were studied. These five variables were: the age of the baby's father, mother's education, parity, living arrangement, and functional areas of support. From 1986 to 1989, a convenience sample of 244 African American, unmarried, pregnant students completed a prenatal questionnaire. The Resource Size scale, a subscale in the questionnaire, was tested on pregnant students, and its coefficient alpha for internal consistency was 86. Additional data were obtained from the state's live birth certificate tape. Results showed that the age of the baby's father was significantly associated with adequacy of prenatal care. Because 51% of the babies' fathers are age 15‐19 and most likely in school, the community and school health nurses may encourage them to get involved in the care of pregnant students. Other implications are also draw

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOur intention in this article is to provide the reader with the theoretical framework of prenatal peer counseling. A second article describing a prenatal peer program that is functional in the province of Quebec will be presented subsequently with its outcomes and recommendations. However, before planning the implementation of such a program or even assessing its effectiveness, one must understand how peer counseling can be used as an assistive strategy and why it is perceived to be a community approach worth considering with pregnant women from poor socioeconomic backgrounds. This approach addresses most problems encountered when prenatal programs fail to meet the specific needs of these women. Principles of the therapeutic community and its derivatives are put forward to lay the theoretical foundation of prenatal peer counseling. The studies reviewed show that psychosocial variables associated with pregnancy outcome and poverty such as anxiety, social support, and self‐esteem can be positively influenced through a prenatal peer counseling program. We strongly recommend that nurses working with low‐income families consider prenatal peer counseling as an empowering strategy for mothers within a given commun

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBarriers perceived by homeless families to preventive health care for their children under age 13 have been underdocumented. This descriptive study was designed to identify perceived barriers to care and to determine if there was a relationship between perceived barriers and duration of the family's home‐lessness. Using an investigator‐modified version of Melnyk's Barriers Scale and a demographic measure, a convenience sample of homeless families (n= 53) from three transitional shelters was surveyed via questionnaire.Four barriers were cited most frequently by the respondents as greatly affecting their children's care. These barriers involved provider‐selection difficulties, waiting for well child appointments, waiting during well child appointments, and the high cost of transportation and/or parking. No relationship was found between duration of homelessness and perceived barriers.These findings confirm the reality of potential barriers to care suggested by earlier studies. Innovative forms of health care delivery that may reduce or eliminate these barriers include the use of shelter‐site clinics, mobile units, and the use of a nurse liaison between family shelters and hospital‐base

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY