ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral issues were encountered by nurse‐managers in a community agency while implementing an audit of community health nursing charts. They included the following: (1) what is the purpose of the audit? (2) are the required resources available to implement the audit process? (3) what is the selection process for charts to be audited? (4) how many charts have to be audited? (5) is the audit tool based on relevant and measurable criteria and standards? (6) have the measurement properties of the audit tool been determined, including validity and reliability? The validity, reliability, and weighting of scores of the Craig audit tool are explored. Results of an assessment of this tool's reliability are presente

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo increase the number of Hispanic women who begin early prenatal care, a community partnership for health was initiated among the general public, businesses, 14 volunteer mothers, and one community health nurse. Volunteer mothers living in the targeted community were taught how to identify Hispanic women at risk for not starting early prenatal care, and how to provide social support and community resource information within a culturally acceptable milieu. At the end of the first year of the partnership, over 2000 women at risk for not starting early prenatal care had been contacted by the volunteer mothers.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article introduces a framework for the study of access to medical care that has been used extensively in national and local surveys, and demonstrates its application to an assessment of health and health care needs in a Hispanic immigrant and refugee community. The presentation of the framework, study design, findings, and implications for research and planning points out the utility of this framework for organizing systematic community assessment data‐gathering activities; demonstrates how such an assessment could be incorporated into a public health nursing curriculum or readily adopted by public health nurse professionals in their communities; illustrates the potential for effective partnerships between public health practitioners and academics in conducting and disseminating the findings; and provides a broader conceptual, empirical, and policy‐oriented context in which to view local community‐assessment activities and their relevance for health policy and program develo

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough cigarette smoking has decreased significantly in the last 25 years in the United States, it continues to be a major contributor to morbidity and premature mortality. All 704 U.S.‐accredited health science schools were surveyed to determine the existence and scope of smoking policies, smoking cessation programs, and related activities in these schools. The aim was to encourage health care‐related organizations, institutions, and professionals to accept leadership roles in smoking prevention and cessation. Of 517 (73%) respondents, 339 reported some form of smoking policy; however, restriction was primarily prohibited in classrooms and elevators. Vending of cigarettes was reported in up to 17% of schools, and smoking‐related illness complaints were reported by 31%. Smoking programs and information were minimally offered. Health science schools must be more aggressive in their approaches to dealing with smoking prevention and cessation, and assume a more proactive leadership role toward achieving a smoke‐free envi

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis longitudinal, descriptive study gathered information on drug‐exposed infants at home and identified effective public health nurse interventions for them and their caregivers. These infants exhibit symptoms that may well interfere with their ability to give clear cues as part of the infant‐care‐giver interactive system. This may amplify or perpetuate the effects of the drugs and low birth weight. Fifteen infants with a positive toxicology screen were compared to controls at birth and followed for up to 12 months of age through home visits by a public health nurse practitioner. The drug‐exposed infants were significantly smaller at birth, and their most common initial problems were the need for nonnutritive sucking, excessive extensor tone, infections, and irritability. The mean weight, length, and head circumference went from the 10th to the 25th percentile at birth to the 25th to 50th percentile at 12 months. The support system and organization of the home predicted the family's ability to sustain caregiving for these infants. Effective strategies to care for these infants included recognizing states and cues, swaddling, use of pacifier, waking to eat, and smaller feedings. The role of the public health nurse was crucial for conducting early assessment, implementing strategies, and facilitating a therapeutic relat

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommunity based nurses have increasingly been involved in caring for the parents of drug abusing adolescents. They are in need of research data about how parents are coping with the problem. This study analyzed parental role formulation in response to their position as parents of deviant children. The method of inquiry was ethnographic. Data were gathered from nonparticipant observations, parent informant journals, and interviews with parents involved in a survival group. Parents move through three phases of role formation, the content of which has implications for nursing assessments. The similarities of these parents to those of physically and mentally handicapped children is striking. Both are outside the conventional norm and are constantly involved in interpreting situations with others as to their different parenting role. A peculiarity in the findings is that the parents were less discredited by their family and friends than had been anticipated. They met their greatest discreditation from community institutions, including the school, police, and court systems, institutions that were expected to assist them in bringing their child's drug abuse under control.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany women cease breast‐feeding during the first eight weeks after childbirth. Few studies have assessed the relationship of social status to the duration of breast‐feeding. This research identified variables that predicted breast‐feeding duration for the first eight weeks postpartum among mothers enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program and those not enrolled. Participation in the WIC program was used as a criterion for measuring socioeconomic status. A total of 400 mothers completed the survey: 200 WIC and 200 non‐WIC. A combination of five variables–introduction of formula, maternal perceived success, frequency of breastfeeding, income, and time of initiation of breast‐feeding after delivery–explained 48% of the variance in the duration of breast‐feeding. The best predictor, introduction of formula, alone accounted for 30% of the variance. There was no difference between aggregates with respect to breast‐feeding duration. Findings suggest that a number of variables can be used to identify those at risk for unsuccessful or curtailed breast‐feeding, with introduction of formula being t

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis research built on our previous work focusing on the Mexican‐American population as one group at risk for the development of obesity. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among knowledge of nutrition, feeding practices, values, and select demographic variables of Mexican‐American mothers and obesity in their preschool children. One hundred forty‐three mothers of children were recruited to participate. Each mother was interviewed and asked to complete questionnaires regarding maternal nutrition knowledge, maternal feeding practices, weight locus of control, and ideal infant body habitus. Compared to thin infants and their mothers, obese children had a significantly greater mean birth weight and their mothers had a significantly greater body mass index. Analysis of responses to the ideal infant body habitus scale revealed that mothers of obese children selected a chubby baby as ideal significantly more often than mothers of nonobese children. The data collected from this study can alert public health nurses to children at risk for ob

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1991.tb00743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY