ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApplying the nursing process to the health of populations is a challenge in undergraduate community health nursing education. We evaluated a method of applying the process in primary health care settings. Key factors were using case management and other means to assess systems from the client's perspective, assessing population needs, diagnosing community needs‐service mismatch, planning in partnership with communities, and implementing and evaluating plans. Because these are difficult, if not impossible, to accomplish in a one‐semester undergraduate course, students transferred projects and cases from one semester to another. Case management is the principal interface of students to individual and family clie

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an effort to improve the health of Hispanic families, particularly prenatal women and infants, the county health department instituted a program of intensified home visits using bilingual, bicultural nurse extenders within a framework of primary health care. The outreach workers offer basic health information to improve families' skills and knowledge, and to assist with linkages to community resources. Public health nurses provide assessment, establish a plan of care, evaluate progress, and supervise the workers. The program has resulted in increased numbers of individuals receiving services, more women registering earlier for prenatal care and the Women, Infants, and Children's (WIC) program, and increased numbers of infants receiving WIC services and regular medical supervision. Public health nurses report increased knowledge and positive changes in families' health behaviors. In addition, the program has strengthened relationships between the health department and Hispanic families.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mandate of public health departments has been, and continues to be, to provide and deliver a variety of health programs and services pertinent to local circumstances and needs. Public health nurses are the largest group of health care professionals who deliver these services. The objectives of this paper are to identify what policy makers expect of public health nurses related to community development for health, and to describe the educational components necessary for baccalaureate nursing curricula if these expectations are to be met.

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractImmunization rates of preschool children in the United States are well below recommended levels. Whereas low‐income and minority groups have been targeted as at risk for inadequate immunization, the assumption is generally made that middle/upper‐income children are adequately immunized through the private sector. We conducted a community‐based survey that refutes this assumption. Only 31% of the 302 parents surveyed reported full immunization of their 2‐year‐olds. No significant differences were found in the immunization rates for middle upper‐income (34% immunized) versus lower‐income children (28% immunized). Failure to receive the 18‐month doses of DTP and polio was the most frequent cause of inadequate coverage for both groups. Barriers to immunization reported by middle/upper‐ and lower‐income parents were similar, with over one‐third of the parents identifying cost and lack of insurance coverage as problems. Additional barriers related to methods of operations of providers. Findings have immediate implications for public health nurses in terms of assessing coverage of their own preschool populations and introducing corrective actions to improve l

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough research has examined problems of stress and health among rural families, little is known about coping phenomena directly from the perspective of rural children. This study compared two groups of children, one rural and the other suburban, in their reports of daily stressors and coping efforts as actually experienced. Using semistructured diaries over a period of six weeks, 21 rural children and 23 suburban children reported daily sources of stress, coping efforts, and coping resources. Rural children were more compliant in completing diaries. They reported more internal, cognitive‐intrapsychic source of stress, whereas suburban children listed more external environmental sources. Suburban boys reported submission as the most common coping response, and rural boys listed organized activities and problem‐solving approaches. Other interesting differences between the rural and suburban children, and gender differences among both groups emer

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStarting from a theoretical model for the work of public health nurses, we explored the knowledge, skills, and decision making of Finnish public health nurses in the context of their efforts to maintain and promote child and family welfare. The results indicate that the nurses' knowledge basis and skills cover the concepts included in the theoretical model. The nurses tackle existing situations in the lives of children and their family, attempt to solve the current problems, and together with parents, make collaborative decisions. No attempts are made to produce long‐term health care plans. The model seemed to work fairly well in promoting children's welfare, but less so in the case of families. Finnish public health nurses follow the official guidelines governing the work of child welfare clinics, but they set fewer individual goals for children and familie

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealth promotion outcomes with older adults are characterized increasingly in terms of several effects. The outcomes of a health‐promotion intervention with a group consisting of a majority of African‐American older women were evaluated after six months. The study employed a quasi‐experimental design with intervention and control groups all living in the area of a midwestern city with the highest proportion of low‐income and non‐Caucasian elders. Women in the intervention group participated in weekly group meetings over 26 weeks. The intervention was derived from theecologic well being modeland incorporated content related to three areas of outcome evaluation: health practices, psychologic and spiritual well‐being, and social integration. Interviews conducted prior to and on conclusion of the intervention incorporated four single‐item qualitative measures and the following three instruments as outcome measures: the senior lifestyle inventory, the integration inventory, and the social integration subscale. Although no significant increases in outcomes were demonstrated over time for the intervention group, statistical analysis before and after the intervention did reveal significant contrasts among controls in relation to well‐being, health practices, and life satisfaction, suggesting a preventive‐maintenance effect for

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBreast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among American women. Evidence indicates that regular breast self‐examination (BSE) may reduce breast cancer mortality by 18%, yet the majority of women do not practice it. This study used a decision model to examine the BSE‐related characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors of 52 working women age 21 to 65 years (mean 44.05 yrs). Nearly 29% of the sample performed BSE. They were more likely than nonperformers to be white, to have a close relative who had breast cancer, and to believe that breast problems could be detected through BSE. Fears, particularly fear of cancer, were more likely to affect performers' than nonperformers' BSE decision. Nonperformers were more likely to think that the first symptom of breast cancer would be a sensation of some type. and that a healthy lifestyle protected them from the disease. They also were more likely to think reminders would encourage them to perform BSE. The most often reported sources of information about BSE were health care providers and friends or relati

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt the turn of the century maternal and infant mortality rates were high in this southern state. Untrained midwives conducted many of the deliveries. Initial support for locating and training midwives by public health nurses was provided by the American Red Cross and the United States Public Health Services. Later, funding from a philanthropic organization (Rockefeller International Foundation) provided a mechanism that brought Mississippi public health nurses and midwives to a partnership that endured for over a half a century, and contributed to better maternal‐infant health care outcomes for that stat

ISSN:0737-1209    

DOI:10.1111/j.1525-1446.1994.tb00390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY