摘要:

The Asian Pacific Society of Respirology (APSR) is holding its fourth congress on 4–8 October 1996 in Beijing. The APSR is the only respiratory society formed entirely in the Asia‐Pacific region. The society is affiliated with the national thoracic societies from all the countries in the Asian Pacific region. Countries here have the fastest economic growth in the world and a commitment to social and health changes.An Asian Pacific Society, devoted to pulmonary medicine and science in this region, was first conceived when a steering committee of distinguished pulmonary physicians and scientists from the region met, with the participation of the American Thoracic Society, in Tokyo in August 1985. It had amongst its founding members many international experts in the respiratory field, such as Michiyoshi Harasawa, Shiro Kira, James Hogg, Ann Woolcock, Ken Moser, John Murray and Peter Macklem, to name but a few. The official name is the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology, as this word means the science of respiration and includes all aspects of breathing. Dr Harasawa was the first president (1985–93); Dr Wan C Tan, the second president (199

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concept of the waterfall phenomenon in Zone 2 in the pulmonary vasculature is well known from West's lung model. It is believed that the flow through this zone is determined by the pressure difference between the pulmonary artery and alveoli, and the left atrial pressure is not transmissible to the alveolar capillaries. However, it is impossible to see whether alveolar capillaries are really displaying the waterfall phenomenon or not. In this review, the interrelation between the flow and geometry of the alveolar capillaries in the waterfall phenomenon is analyzed based on physiological studies using a model system and isolated lung lobe experiments. Further, extending the concept to the analysis of ventilatory changes of the inferior vena cava (IVC) configuration, it is ascertained that the waterfall phenomenon normally occurs in the IVC during inspiration just before it enters the thorax and the waterfall phenomenon in the IVC disintegrates with elevation of the central venous pressure. Because these configurations of the IVC in normal and abnormal conditions are visible with ultrasonography, the technique is very useful as a noninvasive approach to diagnose right heart failure.

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe term ‘tropical’ refers to the region of the Earth lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Located between these equatorial parallels demarcating the Torrid Zone are several underdeveloped and developing countries: Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, southern India, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Cuba, Ethiopia, Sudan and Nigeria, to name but a few considered to be ‘tropical’. The climate in most of these countries is characterized by high temperatures and high humidity. The tropical climate and general state of socio‐economic underdevelopment in such countries provide an ideal environment for pathogenic organisms, their vectors and intermediate hosts to flourish. Furthermore, the cultural habits and educational background of the people living in such countries expose them to pathogens and, when these people become infected, they readily become reservoirs for, or carriers of, those organisms. Ultimately, the adverse socioeconomic conditions of underdeveloped countries impede attempts to eradicate or control tropical

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis review will attempt to put together the voluminous studies and concepts that have been published during the past 25 years following the description of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) regarding diagnosis and management. The initial discussion will focus on how to clinically diagnose ARDS based recommendations. This also gives the current definition of acute lung injury and when to call it ARDS. The radiographic and hemodynamic characteristics are discussed including oxygenation parameters. The management outlines the conventional as well as new therapys intended to improve survival of this devastating disease.

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe past two decades have brought significant changes to the clinical laboratory. Microbiologists now have highly sensitive, rapid and specific molecular methods of identifying infectious agents by the direct detection of DNA or RNA sequences unique to a particular organism. Advanced DNA technology such as nucleic‐acid hybridization, PCR and DNA fingerprinting have been used in the direct detection of causative organisms in clinical specimens, with resultant benefits such as increased sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic approach and reduction of turnaround time. This review outlines a brief description of the various DNA diagnostic tools used in the detection of pulmonary infections with emphasis on their applications in the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosi

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA randomized trial of chemotherapy in 105 patients with advanced and metastatic nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NCSLC) was conducted in order to compare the effect of the additional drug mitomycin C (PVM) or ifosfamide (PVI), to the combination of cisplatin plus vindesine (PV). An objective response rate was observed in 42.8% of the patients treated with PVM, 42.4% with PVI and 28.6% with PV and these response rates were not statistically significant (P>0.20). No patient achieved the complete response with either of the three regimens. Comparison of the median response durations among the three regimens showed an advantage of PVI over PVM (P<0.02) and PV (P<0.05). The median survival times (MST) were similar for all three regimens (PVM, 33.5; PVI, 40.0 and PV, 36.5 weeks); moreover, the difference in survival time between the three regimens of responders was not statistically significant. The univariate analysis showed that significant predictors of survival were performance status (PS) zero (P = 0.0002), limited disease (P = 0.004), no previous weight loss (P = 0.01) and normal serum albumin (P = 0.016), and in multivariate analysis by a stepwise Cox proportional hazard model, these were PS zero (a hazard ratio of 2.3, P = 0.0001) and limited disease (a hazard ratio of 1.9, P = 0.048). Toxicity did not differ among the three treatment regimen

ISSN:1323-7799    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY