摘要:

A model is postulated for the recall of items in free recall experiments which allows the effects of different clustering schemes on recall order to be estimated. It is also possible to investigate the interaction between two clustering schemes. Details of fitting the model and estimating the relevant parameters are presented. The use of the model is illustrated by reference to an experiment involving the recall of names of famous personalities presented in photographic form. The results of fitting the model to the data suggest that while recall order is influenced primarily by the occupational categories of the personalities (film stars, pop stars, sports personalities, etc.), the facial similarities among the personalities are also important.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Distributions for the number of consecutive ascending integers in random permutations of the firstnintegers are described. The case when the probability of a ‘run‐up’ is higher than the probability of ‘no‐run’ is developed and applied to reconstructions of schizophrenic and no

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Fisher–Pitman permutation test is an increasingly popular alternative to the ANOVAFtest. As a test of equality of distributions, the permutation test is very attractive because it retains its stated test size without any distributional requirements. As a test of equality of location parameters, however, the permutation test retains its stated test size only under equality of all nuisance parameters. This homogeneity requirement is well known, but often overlooked. As a result, the permutation test is sometimes recommended when, in fact, the distributional requirements are not satisfied. This article examines the robustness of the permutation test to violation of the homogeneity requirement. In particular, the size of the Fisher–Pitman permutation test of equality of means is compared to the size of the normal theoryFtest in small samples when variances are unequal. Normally distributed populations having equal means are assumed. The size of the permutation test is found to be smaller than the size of theFtest when the ratio of the harmonic to the arithmetic mean of the sample sizes is small and vice versa when the ratio is large (i.e. near 1). In either case, the difference between the sizes of the two tests is relatively small, except for extreme heterogeneity. The result is based on a comparison of the moments of the permutation and normal theory sampling distributions and is supported by the results of simulation stud

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

If the row and column variables of a two‐way contingency table have numerical scores, then the table is said to be scored. Scored contingency tables play an important role in equating two exams containing common items: the tables are typically quite large, and often relatively sparse, and exhibit strong positive dependence. For equating, stable, monotone estimates are required for the conditional distribution of the score on the new items given the score on the common items. We obtain such‐estimates by using generalized log‐linear models in a new way: we smooth both the interior and the margins of the two‐way table, yielding the smoothest joint distribution on the table having the same low‐order moments as the observ

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The minimum logit chi‐square procedure was used in the item parameter estimation stage of the Birnbaum joint estimation paradigm. Simulated item response data for 36 data sets were analysed via this approach. Overall, the results yielded by the minimum chi‐square procedure compared very favourably with the results yielded by the LOGIST computer program for these data sets. As would be expected, test length, sample size and match of the test difficulty to the ability of the examinees all had an impact upon the level of agreement of the estimates with the underlying item parameter values. The empirical results suggest that in this context the minimum logit‐square procedure yields acceptable item parameter esti

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00867.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A variety of measures of the weight of examination components are discussed in the measurement literature. Those which have been widely used are based upon considerations of candidate rank orders or the variance of the total scores. The appropriateness of such measures to examinations which are not norm‐referenced is questioned and a new measure based upon the notion of mark values is proposed which is appropriate to both norm‐ and criterion‐referenced examinations. The new measure has a number of other properties which make it generally preferable to traditional

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00868.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ConsiderJregression lines, each with one predictor, corresponding toJindependent treatment groups. The purpose of this paper is to address two related problems when comparing theseJlines. Using a proposed ‘bivariate’ analogue of the Studentized range distribution, the paper notes that it is possible to get Tukey‐Kramer type simultaneous confidence intervals on both theJ(J– 1)/2 pairwise differences of the intercepts and theJ(J– 1)/2 pairwise differences of the slopes. That is, simultaneous confidence intervals are obtained for allJ(J– 1) differences. The first goal is to provide the percentage points needed to implement the procedure. The second goal is to describe a method for obtaining simultaneous 1 – α confidence intervals for the distance between all pairs of regression lines at the end points of a finite interval. Advantages over the Johnson–Neyman procedure are noted, and certain improvements in the Johnson–Neyman procedure are

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00869.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Mind over Machine. The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer.ByHubert L. Dreyfus&Stuart E. Dreyfus with Tom Athanasiou.Analysing Change: Measurement and Explanation using Longitudinal Data.ByIan Plewis.New Tools for Social Scientists: Advances and Applications in Research Methods.Edited byWilliam D. Berry&Michael S. Lewis‐Beck.Evaluation. A Systematic Approach, 3rd ed.ByP. H. Rossi&H. E. Freeman.The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments.ByJoseph L. Fleiss.Expert Systems Technology: A Guide.ByL. Johnson&E. T. Keravnou.Bayesian Statistics for Evaluation Research: An Introduction.ByWilliam E. Polla

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1987.tb00870.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY