摘要:

No aspect of human behaviour genetics has caused more confusion and generated more obscurantism than the analysis and interpretation of the various typos of non‐additivity and non‐independence of gene and environmental action and interaction—genotype—environment interaction and covariation, dominance and assortative mating. A comprehensive framework of theory and method is outlined in which these and other contributions to individual differences can be critically a

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An attempt is made to explain the geometric illusions by assuming that ‘visual’ space is non‐Euclidean, and that the departure from Euclidean geometry is the result of the interaction between the elements within the ‘visual’ space. The interaction is represented by a metric equation, and, by assuming that the subjective judgements are made on the basis of a context‐dependent geometry given by the metric equation, explicit expressions for some of the well‐known illusions are derived. Experimental data are presented and reviewed to evaluate the validity of th

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The negative covariation between adjacent interresponse intervals (lag‐one autocovariance) observed when people make repetitive responses can be accounted for by a model that postulates two independent processes of timekeeping and response generation (Wing&Kristofferson, 1973b). The present paper considers generalizations of this model that assume certain simple types of dependence either among the timekeeper intervals or among the response delays. It is shown that these may be distinguished on the basis of the interresponse‐interval autocovariance function. An experiment is described that contrasts the use of four different types of movement bringing the index finger into repeated contact with a response plate at 400 msec intervals. While the data reject the original formulation of the two‐process model they are consistent with the generalized version in which there is dependence of successive response delays in the form of a first‐order autoregressive

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two general classes of theory have been proposed to handle data in signal detection and recognition memory. Previous research has considered that one might test such theories by considering the shape of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, but this has not proved to be helpful. Similarly, the question of the invariance of the ROC curve under different testing procedures is shown to be incidental to this task. It does not appear to be possible to generate empirical predictions peculiar to continuous theories, but various predictions have been extracted from discrete, or finite‐state, theories. Previous results favour a special case of discrete theory in both detection and recognition. However, results are presented which appear to offer a conclusive refutation of finite‐state theory as a model for recognition memory of unrelated wo

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Van der Ven (1974) identified defects of the classical formula score used to estimate the probability of chance success and the number of items on a multiple choice test for which the examinee truly knows the answer. He derived an estimator based upon the assumption of a uniform prior distribution for the number of known items. The present paper investigates properties of this estimator and compares it with the classical formula. More general models are presented of which the uniform prior is a special case. Further, it is shown that estimators of the prior distribution may be derived from the distribution of the total number of correct answers for a group of examinees. The fit of the models for some observed data is discussed.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An amended statement and a correct proof is given of a theorem stated by Luce in connection with a choice model for choice‐reaction time

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A further discussion of Brennan&Light's (1974) measure of nominal scale response agreement between two raters is given. Specifically, a monotonic function of Brennan&Light's statistic is obtained in terms of a generalized correlation coefficient and provided with a descriptive probabilistic interpretation. Under the different assumptions of fixed and variable marginal frequencies, simple numerical illustrations of the appropriate mean and variance formulae are included. The fixed marginal assumption was used by Brennan&Light, and thus our formulae in this case merely suggest convenient algebraic simplifications.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two new methods for calculating Kendall's tau from rank differences are shown to be valid if neither or one of the rankings contains tied ranks, but not if both do.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00729.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Generalized least squares estimators of population parameters and an asymptotic chi‐square test are given for situations where sets of elements of a population correlation matrix are equal or have specified values. These estimators are asymptotically equivalent to maximum‐likelihood estimators but involve less computation. Corresponding formulae for the hypothesis that sets of elements of a population covariance matrix are equal or have specified values are given for comparative purposes. A numerical illustration is provi

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00730.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Kruskal&Wallis and normal scores non‐parametric multiple comparison tests were compared to the parametric Tukey test. In addition to quantifying and manipulating the degree of heterogeneity due to combining heterogeneous variances with unequal sample sizes, the tests were compared for their sensitivity, as well as rates of Type I error, under varying conditions of mean variability when sampling from normal and exponential distributions. It was found that the Kruskal&Wallis test is always preferable to the normal scores test while the choice between the Kruskal&Wallis and Tukey tests depends upon sample size, population shape and mean variabilit

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1977.tb00731.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY