摘要:

Coal, bitumen and heavy oil( and various pitches, resids, etc. ) are similar in that they require more substantial treatment than does conventional light oil to yield useful liquid fuels. Here we provide a brief and selective review of technologies for liquefying coal, followed by consideration of co-processing coal with bitumen/heavy oil. Such co-processing may be considered as use of bitumen/heavy oil as a solvent and/or hydrogen donor In liquefaction of coal, or as the use of coal to aid upgrading bitumen/heavy oil.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915844

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The reactions of two sets of lignin model compounds over a sulfided CoOMoO3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst were studied. The first set mimicked lignin methoxyphenol residues and comprised 4-methyl-guaiacol, 4-methyl catechol, eugenol and vanillin. Deoxygenation and hydrogenation were facile and led to ultimate molar yields of single-ring products as high as 0.70. The selectivity to single-ring products increased with increases in temperature, o-hydroxydiphenylmethane, phenyl ether and o,o’-biphenol constituted the second set that mimicked thermally stable lignin bonds.Fragmentation of o-hydroxydiphenylmethane and phenyl ether occurred readily; o,o’-biphenol reacted to dibenzofuran.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915845

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concept of a yield value is important to many areas of slurry coal water fuel transport such as in predicting its stability or estimating the pressure requirements for pipe-line start-up and turbulent flow. This paper describes techniques to accurately measure coal water fuel yield point. In order to display a wide variation in coal water fuel properties, slurries made from two Western Canadian coals were made available to CRL for yield point study. The proprietory Salzgiter Industrial AG technology (DENSECOAL) was used for a low volatile or bituminous coal (A) and the CARBOGEL process for a medium volatile bituminous (B).

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915846

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A new method for the reduction of metal oxide catalysts has been developed, for the reduction of the CuO - ZnO - A1203 catalyst for liquid phase methanol synthesis. The reducing agent is a 5% hydrogen in nitrogen mixture and the operation is carried out at 446.09 KPa. This method makes it possible to reduce finely crushed catalyst (-100 + 120 mesh) in a three phase slurry reactor. This method offers several advantages over methods in which the catalyst is reduced in a gas-solid contact mode and then slurried for use. The catalyst has been shown to be very effectively reduced and reaches its full production capacity after reduction.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915847

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A set of runs were performed on the catalytic and thermal cracking of the tars present fn the gasifier off-gas stream; the cracking referred to here Js essentially hydrocracking, in view of the considerable amount of hydrogen being present in the gas stream. The catalyst evaluated for tar cracking was a commercial cobalt-molybdenum catalyst, suppported on γ-Al2O3(Katalco-477). It was observed that there was a decrease in the amount of tar obtained with the cracking unit on-line with the gasifier; the tars were cracked to gaseous products in the presence of catalyst. Furthermore, it appeared that higher ring structures were transformed to less heavier components; thus cracking could become beneficial in downstream processing of the gas stream coming out of a gasifier.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915848

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A number of bitumens of different origin, type, and composition (straight run, visbroken, blown, aged, rejuvenated and rock asphalts) were compared to show how non-conventional techniques may be used in solving practical problems relating to pavement performance properties, and in recognizing bitumens of different origins. Such techniques include differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in addition to the traditional tests. It is possible to obtain correlations which connect NMR or DSC parameters to the severity of the process by which VB bitumens were obtained.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758708915849

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor