摘要:

AbstractSimultaneous measurements of air and water temperature, wind speed and direction, tidal oscillations, and sea-state conditions (as a mixing factor) were analysed to explain variation in inshore water temperatures. Analysis of the time-series indicates that tidal oscillations, on-and-offshore winds, and differences in wave action play only minor roles in the explanation of either short-term or seasonal variations in inshore water temperatures.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879885

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA built-up urban area contains a complexity of different microclimates created by differing directions of orientation with respect to direct beam solar radiation and by the relative amount of exposure to the open sky. This study investigates the microclimatic variations between the north, south, east, and west exposures of a downtown block in a city of modest size and compares these with a more open residential area. On a sunny day the downtown southern exposure received the most solar energy, had the most favorable net radiation balance and the warmest air temperatures. The northern exposure ranked lowest in all elements. The western exposure had a warmer radiation and air temperature regime than the eastern exposure because the wider street and lower buildings allowed a greater penetration of solar radiation. The downtown areas received less solar radiation than the residential section but had more favorable longwave radiation balances. Daytime air temperatures were higher in downtown areas exposed to direct sunlight but lower in shaded locations. Cloud cover reduced the differences between exposures, and the amount of open sky, rather than the direction of exposure, became the most important variable in controlling the surface microclimate.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879886

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

ABSTRACTA critical examination of theRhizocarpon geographicumgrowth curve recently published reveals that it does not appear to have the precise chronological control which is claimed. Consequently on the available evidence it cannot yet be said that an exponential form may be linked to a decelerating phase of growth. The predicated ages of the recessional moraine ridges using the curve appear to be at variance with the historic records.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879887

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879888

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThe frequency distributions of fifteen morphometric variables are examined for three orders of drainage basin, and are found to be significantly non-normal. The effects of the logarithmic transformation on these distributions and the effects of other transformations on the variables not satisfactorily normalised by the logarithmic transformation are investigated. The importance and implications of the conclusions reached are emphasized by an illustration using drainage density.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879889

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879890

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractEarlier observations of relict patterns of ice-wedge polygons in a coastal area of southern Sweden were followed up by photography from a small air craft during dry periods of the summer. The polygons showed up very distinctly as crop marks in the cultivated area and could easily be mapped. The stratigraphical characteristics of the polygon lines were studied in test pits, all of which revealed clear ice-wedge casts.The distribution of polygons and their connection with shore levels from the Late-Glacial time is analysed from the map of polygon marks, combined with field data. A maximum age of polygon formation can be established from dated shorelines.In the innermost, highest part of the plain the ice-wedge polygons may have begun to form at the end of the Oldest Dryas phase. The elevation of the land continuously brought ground surfaces into the realm of frost activity during cold phases of the deglaciation period.The lowest observed polygons are situated in surfaces which were elevated above sea level as late as the Alleröd phase.Topographically and geologically the Laholm plain was well suited for the formation of ice-wedge polygons during the Late-Glacial period. Also in recent time with its temperate climate, frost cracking accompanied by earthquake-like shocks and sharp sounds from the ground may occur in the area, when north-east winds bring intense cold in late winter.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879891

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractThroughout the month of August 1969, sub-surface temperatures at 13 depths were measured at 19 sites near the south-west coast of Devon Island (74°41′N, 91°10′W). Particular attention was paid to the north and south-facing sides of a valley, which sloped at angles of 29°–30°. The thicknesses of the active layers beneath these surfaces, as determined from the sub-surface temperatures, were correlated with maximum daily temperatures at a depth of 1 cm, and also with the daily radiation totals received on a horizontal surface.A study of the meterological records from Resolute's weather station on neighbouring Cornwallis Island (74°43′N, 94°50′W) established that the readings taken during August 1969 did not differ significantly from those recorded for that month in each of the years 1960–72. It would thus seem that a climatologist who is suitably equipped to measure sub-surface temperatures in the south-western portion of Devon Island during August could ascertain the thicknesses of the active layers on north and south-facing slopes of about 30°from measurements of daily temperature maxima at a depth of 1 cm. More particularly, a geomorphologist who is concerned with a study of talus phenomena in that area during August, but who cannot devote time to the frequent measurement of subsurface temperatures, could much more conveniently obtain accurate values for the thicknesses of the active layers on such slopes from the recordings of a bimetallic actinograph.There can be no justification for any attempt to extrapolate the derived relationships through time, but during the month of August a limited measure of extrapolation through space would seem to be permissible.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879892

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AbstractA karst area on Artfjället, Lapland, in northern Sweden was investigated for morphology, hydrology and chemical processes during the period 1970–72. Mainly hydrological and chemical data from the period May—August 1971 are presented in this paper. To obtain the overall lowering rate' in mm/1000 years, Corbel's formula (1959) slightly modified by Williams (1963) was used. The denudation rate was also obtained by calculating the water discharge and the chemical mass transport. The difference between the two methods is discussed. The result of the analyses is an overall lowering rate of 28 mm/1000 years. This value is compared with the results of Corbel (1957, 1959, 1960) and Helldén (1973a) from West-Spitsbergen and those presented by Smith (1969) from Somerset Island.

ISSN:0435-3676    

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1973.11879893

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1973

数据来源: Taylor