ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520596

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520597

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520598

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The author, having known the first three Directors, Professors J.L.B. Smith, M.M. Smith and M.N. Bruton personally, was asked for a account of his recollections and impressions. This account is therefore anecdotal rather than historical. He first knew Professor J.L.B. Smith when an undergraduate, at Rhodes University 194–1948. though he was never Professor Smith's student. In 1972 during Professor M.M. Smith's directorship the author became a research fellow until his retirement in 1984, and has known Professor Bruton since his first appointment to the Department/Institute of Ichthyology.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520599

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In 1946 Rhodes University created the Department of Ichthyology with J.L.B. Smith at the helm. Smith's research centred on the fishes of South Africa and the Western Indian Ocean. In his 22 years at the Department he produced theSea Fishes of Southern Africa(SFSA) and revised numerous taxa based on material collected during his frequent trips to various parts of the Western Indian Ocean. After his death his wife and life-long assistant, M.M. Smith convinced Rhodes University and the South African Council for Industrial Research to establish the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology. She became the first Director of the Institute, and created a lecturer post for a postgraduate course in ichthyology. The first two scientists to fill this post were marine ichthyoloigists, i.e. Dr T.H. Fraser (1970–1973) and Dr R. Winterbottom (1973–1976). Winterbottom was replaced by Dr M.N. Bruton, a freshwater ecologist, who later became the Institute's second Director. M.M. Smith's major research project was the revision of SFSA which started in 1977 and culminated with the publication, in 1986. ofSmiths' Sea Fishes(SSF). For this project Smith hired Dr P.C. Heemstra, her co-editor of SSF, who is currently the Curator of Marine Fishes at the Institute. Three SSF collaborators became Institute staff in the 1980s. Mr O. Gon was hired by Bruton to produce, with Heemstra as co-editor,Fishes of the Southern Ocean, a comprehensive review of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic fishes published in 1990. In 1984 a cartilaginous fish expert, Dr L.J.V. Compagno joined the Institute (1984–1989) and later created the Shark Research Centre: Compagno and his Centre are now at the South African Museum, Cape Town. A deep-sea fish specialist, Dr M.E. Anderson joined the staff in 1989 and has since expanded his research interest to include studies of South African fish fossils. In the 50 years since the establishment of the Department the number of marine species known from South Africa has nearly doubled. During that period Institute scientists described 446 new species and subspecies, and have been involved in international research programmes.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520600

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Progress in South African estuarine ichthyology between 1946 and 1995 is reviewed. The early estuary surveys of the 1950s and 1960s resulted in the compilation of species lists for individual systems, but contained very little biological or ecological information on fishes. These surveys were superseded by both autecological and synecological studies in the 1970s and 1980s, which yielded descriptive and process-orientated information on a wide variety of species. Estuarine research during the 1990s has focused increasingly at the community level, with several review papers on the life-history styles of groups of estuarine-associated fishes being published. The last decade has also seen the departure of a number of senior estuarine ichthyologists from the field. This decline in available expertise has coincided with increased demand for ichthyological information to be used in decision support systems for the wise management and conservation of estuaries. It is suggested that these demands be seen as a challenge, with studies being directed towards providing the type of information needed for the maintenance of vital ecological processes within these systems.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520601

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The history of systematic freshwater ichthyology in South Africa is traced from its origins to the present but focussing on the past 50 years. In the 19th century freshwater fishes were described by European scientists and explorers. The first South African collections began around the turn of the 20th century with that in the South African Museum becoming the dominant collection over the next 50 years through the input and research of initially Dr John Gilchrist and later Dr Keppel Barnard. A fundamental shift in locus from Cape Town to Grahamstown occurred in the 1950s when Rex Jubb began to work at the Department of Ichthyology at Rhodes University, and, from 1961 at the Albany Museum. Freshwater fish taxonomy subsequently resumed at the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown. The first half of the past 50 years was also marked by the contributions of nature conservation and colonial fishery agents. From 1970 a new generation of trained ichthyologists, locally and abroad, assumed responsibility and undertook mostly revisions of species and genera. The impact of cladist philosophy is most evident in the generic changes that have occurred during this latter time period. The alpha-taxonomy of the southern African freshwater fish fauna is about 90% complete. Modern focus is moving towards biophysiological, biochemical, molecular and cytogenetic studies.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520602

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The distribution and abundance of teleosts found in southern African estuaries are determined by both biotic and abiotic variables. Factors which have already been shown to have an influence on estuarine-associated fishes are latitude, seasonality, catchment size, estuary size, axial salinity gradients, habitat diversity, estuary type, mouth depth and degree of marine influence, timing of the open phase, the ability of species to adjust to salinity and temperature fluctuations, dissolved oxygen levels, turbidity, available food resources, the Occurrence and severity of floods, trapping of organic material by impoundments, nearshore marine conditions, physical constrictions within estuarine systems, predation, competition, parasite loads, reproductive condition, juvenile cohort abundance, and habitat degradation as a result of pollution or dredging. The influence of several of the above variables on ichthyofaunal diversity and abundance are reviewed, with particular emphasis on salinity fluctuations as a primary factor affecting fish communities. A summary diagram of the biotic and abiotic variables affecting fishes, as well as a conceptual model on the influence of high turbidity on the foraging strategies of selected teleosts, is presented.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520603

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Three species of the serranid genusPlectranthiasoccur at Mauritius:Plectranthias winniensis(Tyler, 1966).P. inermisRandall, 1980 andP. pelicieriRandall and Shimizu, 1994. A recently collected specimen ofP. inermisprovided new data on intraspecific variation of what were previously supposed to be diagnostic characters for this species. Although this new specimen has a complete lateral line and 20 dorsal-fin rays, compared with an incomplete lateral line and 16–18 rays previously reported forP. inermis, all of the other diagnostic features (preopercle, interopercle and subopercle smooth; dorsal fin divided almost to the base between spinous and soft-rayed parts; pectoral-fin rays 13. all unbranched; one row of scales between lateral line and base of middle dorsal fin spines and one row of scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; snout, preorbital, maxilla, lower jaw and interorbital area naked, cheek with 5 oblique rows of scales) agree withP. inermis.New data for all three species ofPlectranthiasknown from Mauritius are presented. Colour photographs of the two species that have not previously been illustrated in colour (P. inermisandP. winniensis) are included.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520604

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

JaydiaSmith was previously considered to be a junior synonym of the genusApogon, and its species were included in the large subgenusNectamia.This study recognisesJaydiaas a separate subgenus on the basis of a derived character set (i.e. reduced serration of preopercular edges, fourth dorsal fin longest, and the presence of light organs). These, and other synapomorphies, demonstrate thatJaydiais a monophyletic lineage in the genusApogon.Cladistic analysis of the subgenusJaydia, using 23 characters, shows that its 10 members fall into three distinct species groups. Thetrun-catusgroup, which also includeshungiandsmithi, is the least derived, with anal light organs being its single synapo-morphy;Apogon elliotiDay is a junior synonym oftruncatusBleeker. Thecarinotusgroup, which also includesquekettiandpoecilopterus, is characterised by smooth preopercular and posttemporal edges, series of spots or sinuous lines on the body, and no dark spots on the peritoneum. Thelineatusgroup, which also includesnovaeguinue, striatusandstriatodesn. sp., has no uroneurals, 7–11 narrow dark bars on the body, 15 pectoral rays (reversed to 16 innovueguinae), and 2–3 developed gill rakers on the upper limb of the first gill arch.

ISSN:0035-919X    

DOI:10.1080/00359199609520605

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor