ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGamma E antibodies represent the major part of human reaginic antibodies. The antibodies sensitize human and monkey skin, human leucocytes and primate lung tissues. The allergen‐γE antibody reaction mediates the release of histamine from human leucocytes and both histamine and SRS‐A from monkey lung tissues. The immunoglobulin is formed in lymphoid tissues especially those In respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. Turnover rate of this protein in the blood is only 2–3 days, suggesting that human reaginic antibodies are being formed continuously in atopic patients. However, γE injected into normal skin sites is retained for a long time. The half‐time of loss of the immunoglobulin was 9–14 days in human skin and 8–10 days in monkey skin.Evidence has accumulated that IgE combines with target cells through the Fc portion of the molecules. The Fc fragments block passive sensitization of human skin with reaginic antibodies and passively sensitize human leucocytes and monkey lung tissue for reversed type reactions. Target cells in human leucocytes were identified as basophil leucocytes. The immunoglobulin binds with tissue mast cells upon passive sensitization.The initial step in reaginic hypersensitivity seems to be the bridging of cell‐bound IgE with allergen. It appears that the interaction between the IgE molecules or consequent structural changes in the Fc portion of the molecules may induce enzymatic sequences leading to the release of histamine and SRS‐A. The enzyme activated by the allergen‐γE antibody reaction is not the complement system. The biochemical pathways subsequent to the γE‐γE interaction and prior to the release of chemical mediators are unknown. However, evidence has accumulated that the β adrenergic system or the intracellular accumulation of cyclic‐AMP regula

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerological measurements of specific IgE toDermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinusand grass pollen showed statistically highly significant correlations with prick test reactions, the sizes of weals elicited, nasal tests and the clinical history. In subjects with negative prick tests, intracutaneous tests gave reactions which were not associated with specific IgE or reactions to nasal tests. Highly significant correlations were also found between total IgE values and prick test reactions to the allergens tested and to 48/80 but not to histamine; there was a negative correlation with reactions to anti‐IgE serum. The reactions to prick tests identified almost all subjects with specific Ig

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study of the prevalence of asthma in school children in Birmingham which was first carried out in 1956–57 was repeated in 1968–69. There has been an increase in the prevalence of definitely diagnosed asthma from 1.8% to 2.3%, not including an even higher number of children (3.2%) with wheezing. A considerably higher prevalence in boys than in girls was again found both for definite asthma and for wheezing but the tendency to recovery in boys with definite asthma was slight whereas there was a marked recovery in cases of wheezing which almost certainly represented mild asthma.Negro children born in England had a similar prevalence to European children but children born outside England in the West Indies or in Asia had a significantly lower prevalence of asthma and of wheezing for reasons which are not fully understood but which might profitably be considered further. Asian children, however, appeared to retain their low prevalence of asthma even when born in Engl

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe nasal airways resistance changes occurring after challenge with graded doses of antigen have been measured in sixty‐five sensitive subjects. The degree of nasal sensitivity has been compared with skin sensitivity and no clear positive quantitative correlation was found. This lack of correlation is considered to indicate the importance of local IgE production in allergic rhinitis. Some subjects show evidence of local desensitization after several antigen challenges. Possible mechanisms are discusse

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn analytical chemist developed respiratory tract and cutaneous allergy to complex salts of platinum in the course of his work.Specific hyposensitization was achieved by means of intradermal injections of allergen given in increasing doses. During the course of injections he developed symptoms and signs suggestive of a serum‐sickness reaction.The immunological significance of these phenomena was investigate

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAutoantibodies to nuclear and cytoplasmic constitutents and to denatured γ‐globulin have been studied in patients with different types of chronic fibrosing lung disease. The prevalence of these antibodies is increased in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis but the incidence in extrinsic allergic alveolitis is similar to previous published reports on random populations and a control group included in this series of asbestos workers with normal chest radiographs. In asbestosis there was a lesser increase in ANF and rheumatoid factors but no significant increase in antibodies to cytoplasmic constituents. No evidence of organ‐specific autoantibodies to lung have been demonstrated in any group. The presence of non organ‐specific autoantibodies cannot necessarily be attributed to a non‐specific consequence of all types of chronic destructive pulmonary fibrosis because of their differential distribution in different lung diseases.Because ANF and RF but not precipitins to organic dust are positive in some 60% of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, and precipitins but not autoantibodies are found in chronic extrinsic allergic alveolitis, tests for these two groups of antibodies are complementary in the investigation of patients with widespread chronic radiographic shadows. Tissue antibodies were absent in 40% of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and a more detailed search for other types of antigen should be made in the

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe lesions of several cutaneous vascular diseases, examined by immunofluorescence, contained γG, γA, γM and β1C globulins. Acetone‐fixed sections of some lesions contained C‐reactive protein. Antigens of streptococci,Candida, Mycobacteriwn tuberculosisand staphylococci were also found, sometimes combined with IgG indicating the formation of bacterial antigen‐antibody complexes. There was indirect evidence of the formation of complexesin vivoin that the patients had rheumatoid and anti‐IgG factors and immunoconglutinin in their sera more frequently than normal persons.It has not been established that cutaneous vasculitis is induced by complexes. Antibody in the patient's sera rarely combined with bacterial antigen in the lesions, and in only one instance was IgG in the lesions demonstrated to be antibacterial antigen, though these tests were severely impaired by technical difficulties. The globulin and bacterial antigen may have been deposited fortuitously and

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAntibodies to protein and polysaccharide antigens of streptococci in persons with cutaneous vasculitis following streptococcal pharyngeal infection have no special ability to form tissue‐damaging complexes, when compared with antibody from patients without vasculitis though convalescent from similar infection.Antibodies from patients with vasculitis were less effective than those from patients without vasculitis in fixing complement, in mediating erythrocyte immune‐adherence, formed complexes releasing less acid phosphatase and acid protease from monkey or human neutrophils, and induced smaller vascular lesions in guinea‐pig skin.Similarly, antibodies to staphylococci from persons with and without vasculitis were equally effective in fixing complement or mediating immune‐adherence.Examination of the properties of antibodies in a patient's serum cannot be used to determine his susceptibility to vasculitis, which depends as much on the release of sufficient antigen to form tissue‐damaging

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1971.tb02452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY