摘要:

SummaryA group of twenty‐four workers handling di‐isocyanates and with respiratory disease were investigated by occupational‐type bronchial provocation tests for sensitivity to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), to which all were exposed, and to diphenylmethane di‐isocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene di‐isocyanate (HDI). Sixteen gave asthmatic reactions to TDI and eight of these also reacted to MDI. Four of the eight TDI and MDI reactors had histories of exposure only to TDI, and of them two reacted also to HDI. Of nine subjects tested with HDI, three gave asthmatic reactions, and all three also reacted to TDI and MDI. Thus reactions to MDI and HDI were elicited only in the TDI reactors. The possibility of specific sensitivity to these and other di‐isocyanates requires tests in subjects exposed to them a

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01516.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn sixty‐three workers exposed to toluene di‐isocyanate (TDI), no overall differences in bronchial reactivity to histamine inhalation and to exercise testing were found between the total groups of positive and negative TDI reactors to provocation tests. A subgroup of TDI highly sensitive subjects reacting to very low concentrations (≤0.001 p.p.m.) were more sensitive to both histamine and exercise than the group who were less sensitive to TDI, and who reacted to higher concentrations (0.002–0.02 p.p.m.) than the group of non‐reactors. There were, however, in the last group a number of subjects with high degrees of histamine reactivity who did not react to the TDI. These findings suggest that, on the one hand, the asthmatic reactions to TDI cannot be attributed solely to non‐specific mechanisms and, on the other, that in subjects with high degrees of specific sensitivity non‐specific mechanisms may also be p

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01517.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA double‐blind, cross‐over comparison of flunisolide nasal spray and its inactive aqueous vehicle has been carried out in fifty patients suffering from perennial allergic rhinitis. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups; the first group (group I) received flunisolide for 3 weeks and then placebo for 3 weeks while the regimes were given in the reverse order to the second group (group II). Patients used two insufflations of 0.1 ml in each nostril twice daily. As the active spray was presented as a 0.025% solution of flunisolide, the total daily dosage was 200 μg. Patients were assessed on admission and at the end of each 3 week period. The results show flunisolide to be significantly superior to placebo in relieving sneezing, nasal obstruction and postnasal drip, as well as improving the quality of sleep and everyday life. At the end of the trial the preferences for treatment recorded by both doctors and patients were significantly in favour of the flunisolide spray. Side effects were minor and occurred during both placebo and active phases of the trial. A short Synacthen test performed at each visit showed no evidence of adrenal suppres

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01518.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from 119 patients with possible food allergies were tested against a panel of thirteen food allergens by the RAST technique. The results were compared within vivotests. 79% of foods causing symptoms gave a positive RAST to the specific food. Symptoms were grouped according to their time of appearance after taking the food; ‘immediate’ up to 1 hr and ‘non‐immediate’ more than 1 hr afterwards. Almost all those with ‘immediate’ symptoms were already aware of the foods causing them and there was a 100% correlation of the RAST result with these. Only a few of those with ‘non‐immediate’ symptoms were previously aware that these foods were responsible, and 64% of these gave a positive RAST. The majority of patients with a positive RAST result had total IgE in excess of 300 u/ml, had specific IgE antibodies against one or more common inhalant allergens, were under the age of 30 years and had a combination of asthma and eczema.We found the RAST method a useful and safe guide upon which to base a clinical investigation of food allergy, especially for patients whose symptoms appeared more than 1 hr after the food and in whom the relationship between their symptoms and food was not apparent. The RAST technique was surprisingly successful in identifying the foods which caused these ‘no

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01519.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe report the finding of anomalous responses in the skin of atopic individuals when prick tested with serial dilutions of cocksfoot grass pollen extracts. Each pollen extract was standardized using RAST inhibition activity related to the WHO standard for IgE. 75% of the patients gave a larger weal area with an allergen concentration of 1:105than with the next higher concentration, i.e. 1:104.Possible mechanisms whereby a larger skin weal is elicited with a lower concentration of allergen are discussed. This is not a rare finding and can be observed in patients undergoing routine skin testing in the clinic, even where extracts are diluted over a relatively narrow concentration range.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01520.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from few Finnish patients with clinical farmers' lung react in precipitin tests with extracts of the thermophilic actinomycetes that commonly cause the disease elsewhere. Hays associated with the disease in Finland showed less evidence of spontaneous heating and contained fewer actinomycete spores than British hays. OnlyThermoactinomyces vulgariswas sometimes abundant. Some species of mesophilic fungi were more abundant than in Britain and one,Aspergillus umbrosus, reacted with most sera from farmers' lung patients in precipitin tests. A panel of antigens, including thermophilic actinomycetes,A. umbrosusand other species of theAspergillus glaucusgroup, is recommended for screening farmers' lung sera.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01521.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine the skin reactivity of 14–16‐year‐old adolescents to common allergens and its connections with the occurrence of bronchial wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema. The series consisted of 218 persons living in south‐eastern Finland. All the persons who took part in the study filled out a questionnaire concerning symptoms of any allergy. They were prick skin‐tested with eight common allergens and examined clinically by the author. Positive skin test reactions were observed in sixty‐six cases (31%), forty‐one of which (62%) had past or present allergic symptoms. Symptoms indicating past or current allergy were observed in seventy persons (32%). 59% of the young people who had or had had allergic disorders were found to have a positive skin test; the figure for the asymptomatic group was 17%. Allergic rhinitis was most clearly connected with the positive skin test. 83% of those with rhinitis had a positive skin test, whereas the figure for bronchial wheezing and asthma was 70% and for eczema 44%. The prevalence of allergic symptoms and skin test positivity was about the same between the sexes, but the boys had experienced bronchial wheezing twice as often as the girls. This study shows that the prevalence of allergic symptoms, when the mild manifestations are also taken into account, is higher in Finland than is assumed. The occurrence of skin test positivity in the age groups examined is about the same as that observed in previous studies on

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01522.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA controlled clinical trial comparing inhalation of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and of ICI 74,917 was carried out using a double‐placebo technique in thirty‐two patients with extrinsic asthma already shown to be reasonably responsive to DSCG. In view of the fact that ICI 74,917 is 300 times more potent than DSCG in inhibiting antigenic challenge in animals a better effect was anticipated from the new drug in the human asthmatic subject. Whilst this was not obtained, there appeared to be no lesser effect than that of D

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01523.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExcess anticomplementary activity is common in the sera of patients with bronchiectasis (chronic bronchial suppuration). To identify the active components, Sephadex 6B gel filtration profiles of the sera of fourteen patients with bronchiectasis were obtained, six of which were subjected to detailed analysis for anticomplementary activity and IgG and IgM content. Anticomplementary serum from an individual patient with rheumatoid arthritis was similarly analysed as a positive control and sera from four healthy subjects as negative controls.Although some anticomplementary activity was monitored in association with monomeric IgG, in patients' sera activity was predominantly, and occasionally exclusively, associated with the region between the native IgM and IgG peaks. High molecular weight IgG was detected by immunodiffusion in these fractions of the sera from three patients with severe bronchiectasis, but was undetectable in that of the other three patients, in whom disease was mild. Only one of the four normal sera was anticomplementary, weak activity being distributed in the IgM, IgG and intermediate fractions.The data are interpreted to suggest the presence of immune complexes of IgG in the sera of patients with severe bronchiectasis. Failure to consistently detect IgG in column fractions exhibiting anticomplementary activity is probably a reflection of the superior sensitivity of the anticomplementary technique. Gel filtration properties indicate that the immune complexes are small, containing less than five molecules of IgG. Their possible role in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis, or as a secondary response to chronic infection and pulmonary tissue damage, is discussed.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01524.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeven out of eleven workers occupationally exposed to airborne papain developed immediate hypersensitive reactions, predominantly asthma and rhinitis. Skin tests and RAST with papain were positive in all symptomatic workers, but not in the four asymptomatic workers. Furthermore, out of forty non‐exposed asthmatics, thirty‐eight had negative RAST results and all had negative skin test results. Bronchial provocation tests with 0.15–0.5 mg papain performed in five patients with a positive case history showed in each case an immediate asthmatic reaction; in addition to that, one patient developed signs of a dual asthmatic reaction.Our results suggest that airborne papain is a highly immunogenic agent in humans, which induces type I allergic reactions in a large percentage of the exposed sub

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1979.tb01525.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY