摘要:

AbstractCurrently, applied cognitive psychology seems to be a ‘hot topic’. What are the origins of this area of specialization? In this article we survey the history of applied cognitive psychology, beginning with the earliest applied psychological research of the late 1800s, through the impact on psychology of the World Wars, through the advent of the information processing view of the 1950s, and up to the recent flurry of work on topics in cognitive science, such as human–computer interaction. We also consider recent changes in the structure of American professional societies, economic changes and funding patterns, and other factors that have contributed to the advent of this new field. Although our discussion is largely descriptive, we point to some of the influences on applied psychology, such as the practical concerns that have arisen outside the laboratory. Our discussion is best characterized as a historically contextualized cautionary tale that asserts the values of neofunctionalism for applied cognitive psych

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was prompted by an interest in children's abilities to testify in legal settings. Based on the fundamental premise that children cannot provide accurate testimony about events that cannot be remembered, this investigation focused on 3‐ and 6‐year‐olds' memory of a salient, personally experienced event. The event selected was that of a visit to the doctor for a physical examination. Children at both ages remembered most of the features of the check‐up at an immediate memory test, although the older children performed somewhat better than younger children. In addition, the performance of the 3‐year‐olds decreased over delay intervals of 1 and 3 weeks, whereas that of the 6‐year‐olds remained constant over this period. Moreover, at all assessment points the older children provided more information in response to open‐ended general questions than did the younger children. Both groups of children were quite good at giving accurate responses to misleading questions, although the 3‐year‐olds performed below the level of 6‐year‐olds. The need for further controlled studies of children's memory

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChild witnesses often give only short accounts of witnessed events. Part of the reason for this failing centres on the stress present during an interview. The most obvious means of reducing stress in children, through the provision of social support, has typically been neglected in eyewitness research, presumably because of fears over children's excessive suggestibility. Social support is also believed to inhibit children during interviews. However, these fears appear to stem more from general suspicions about children's competencies rather than empirical findings. Studies are described which show that child witnesses express a strong desire for social support, and that support may be provided in a number of different ways, from peers as well as adults. It is argued that social support is one of the most unfairly neglected issues in eyewitness research, and the minimal evidence available suggests that allowing support may have a facilitative effect on task performance, including free‐recall memor

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractModularity of the human information processing system has been widely accepted. Research based on this theoretical construction has been successful in many areas of cognitive psychology. Surprisingly little work has, however, been done towards understanding the consequences of modularity in thinking skills. In this paper the functions of visuospatial and articulatory processing will be compared in the context of chess skill to obtain information concerning the cognitive resources needed in this skill. Two experiments on chess players' information intake will be made, in which the effects of visuospatial and an articulatory secondary tasks will be compared. In both experiments a visuospatial secondary task causes strong interference, while an articulatory task has no effect on processing. So chess is a highly visual task but articulation, contrary to some pre‐theoretical beliefs, has no real significanc

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350060101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY