摘要:

Environmental sociology comprises a diverse set of interests, with the built‐environment/natural‐environment cleavage being especially significant. Yet, by virtue of their interest in societal‐environmental relations,allenvironmental sociologists depart significantly from the disciplinary tradition of ignoring the physical environment. We offer an ecological perspective as a fruitful way of viewing the relations between societal and environmental phenomena, and as a means of integrating work on both built and natural environ

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the past several centuries, our culture has been permeated by the idea that growth and progress are the hallmarks by which to judge the world. Today this ideology appears to be declining in proximate proportion to the rise of an environmental ideology (environmental paradigmsin academic literature). It is shown that in the process of becoming ideological, these paradigms (the antithesis of the progress ideology) have become more convincing to those both inside and outside academia by adding an understanding to our past, present, and future. It is proposed that major ideologies are, unlike the progress ideology, structurally similar, and that academic environmental paradigms duplicate this dominant ideological pattern. This dominant pattern theme is demonstrated by first contrasting the conceptsparadigmandideology, illustrating how they merge conceptually, and verifying the similarity of two historically major ideologies, Marxism and Christianity, with environmental paradigms.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Energy has grown in importance to sociologists over the past several years because of the growing interest in environmental variables and because of the reality of the energy predicament facing many contemporary societies. These concerns have stimulated a steady growth in energy‐related sociological research; unfortunately, this research has proceeded either atheoretically or along lines where energy issues are “gerryrigged” to traditional sociological concerns. A continuation of these practices offers little hope for producing cumulative knowledge. Sociologists interested in developing theoretical research programs or theoretically guided empirical energy research have a substantial intellectual base upon which to build. Scholarly history contains numerous theories that focus on the relationship between energy and human activity. Presented here is a critical overview of the most prominent of these “energetic” theories of society, followed by an illustration of the severe problems in their theoretical method using several examples. Several recommendations regarding theory development are made. Our objective is to expose those with energy or environmental interests to this intellectual base and to offer guidance for avoiding the shortcomings in

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00032.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the potential impact of the Left on the goals, issues, strategies, and constituencies of the contemporary environmental movement, Contrasting the earlier disparagement of the movement by the Left with increased Leftist attraction to the mature movement, it is argued that the Left could contribute a theoretical context for environmental issues and influence segments of the environmental movement through an emphasis on protest strategies and the differential economic impacts of environmental problems.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00033.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contrary to conventional social problems models that depict environmental problems as arising from either “sin” or “error,” such problems are rooted in the modern treadmill of production.Following the classification of Theodore Lowi, recent environmental movement organizations appear to have emphasized a social redistributive rhetoric (sin), but have engaged in practices of distributive politics (error). As a result, even with the advent of the “radical” appropriate technology movement in the mid 1970s, the central issues relate to the forces of production, with far less attention given to the social relations of modern production.The explanation for this disparity lies partly in the substantial decline of a participatory base for social movement organizations in the 1970s. Hence the advent of appriate technology movement organizations has raised competition for limited membership pools, inducing older organizations to become more diffuse in their ideologies in order to maintain and/or attract constituents. Second, the social context makes successful redistributive policies less likely, encouraging movement organizations to find successes in more decentralized distributive n

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00034.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Much of the contemporary debate over technology is explicitly and implicitly focused on the question of whether certain technological styles are appropriate or inappropriate. The framing of the debate in this way is due to an active social movement that advocates appropriate technology (AT). The movement is growing from urgent concerns with the undesirable “hard” equity, environmental/resource, and quality of life impacts of modern industrial technologies, both in developing and developed countries. The major features of the AT movement and its social sources are examined. Then the emerging hi techs are characterized and analyzed in terms of the major impacts of concern in the AT movem

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utilizing survey data for demonstrators at a national antinuclear rally (N=420), as well as a thematic review of the antinuclear literature, this paper examines ideological consensus and diversity evident in the national protest over nuclear power. Our findings reveal a significant amount of overlap between the ideological themes of the movement and the individual beliefs of antinuclear demonstrators. While the demonstrators display a diversity of opinion in their reasons for opposing nuclear power, there is a consensus of belief that future solutions entail shutting down nuclear plants and replacing them with alternative energy sources and conservation programs. Moreover, there is a consensus of belief among demonstrators regarding the values underlying their rationale for movement participation, values that both challenge and incorporate larger dominant beliefs of American society. The implications of these findings for movement theories are suggested.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents data on the siting of solid waste facilities in one of the nation's fastest growing cities, Houston, Texas. The findings reveal that solid waste sites were not randomly scattered over the Houston landscape but were likely to be found in predominantly black neighborhoods and near black schools. Institutionalized discrimination in the housing market, lack of zoning, and decisions by public officials over the past fifty years are major factors that have contributed to Houston's black neighborhoods becoming the “dumping ground” for the area's solid wa

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Findings and speculations about the effects of physical design on social behavior in planned residential settings have accumulated without the benefit of any explicit theoretical models (Newman, 1972, 1973; Cooper, Day, and Levine, 1972; Cooper, 1975). Recent research about urban neighborhoods has included the formulation and estimation of models of community attachment, but these models do not incorporate any physical design features (Kasarda and Janowitz, 1974; Hunter, 1975). I attempt here to connect these two areas of research by developing and estimating a model of community attachment that includes the effects of physical design. The sites for the research are federally assisted, moderate income housing developments. Both physical and social features of the sites prove to have significant effects on the level of community attachment in these settings.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An urban social psychological approach suggests that shared social meanings aid in organizing the complex reality of an urban environment and that place preference may motivate and influence behaviors. The application of procedures for the measurement of roles to urban images suggests the use of discriminant analysis to identify dimensions that distinguish the meanings of downtown Atlanta, city residential areas, suburbs, and small towns. Findings include: (1) the identification of urbanism of place, middle‐class social status, and impersonal or quasi‐primary interaction as three social dimensions that distinguish places; (2) males, females, whites, and blacks appear to share a common set of meanings about urban areas but they differ somewhat more in their assessments of the areas and in their place preferences; and (3) some of the preferred place images significantly influence the use of downtown Atlanta for instrumental and entertainment activit

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1983.tb00039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY