摘要:

George Homans' numerous claims that sociological propositions could be reduced to psychological propositions are examined in terms of the various ways Homans has used the word “reduction” and in terms of the development of Homans' reductionist position over the course of his career. Attempts to answer Homans” reductionism are reviewed and Homans” challenge to his critics is presented. A general sociological proposition is then presented as an answer to Homans' reductionism and to his challenge. It is then shown that the sociological proposition is not less general than psychological propositions, cannot be deduced from psychological propositions, and cannot be analyzed without residue into the behavior of individual men. It is shown that psychological variables may be used as independent or intervening variables in such a proposition but that such an inclusion of psychological variables would not constitute psychological reduction. Some implications of a distinctive sociology are then di

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The challenge to the principle of causality in other disciplines has been taken over by some sociologists, who have criticized its utility for sociological inquiry and who suggest in some instances that the term should be dropped from the sociological lexicon. The critiques are grounded in four somewhat overlapping perspectives: the positivist, the statistical, the inter‐actionist, and the conceptualist. A formulation of what constitutes causality is presented, which takes account of these critiques and which also attempts to preserve continuity with past definitions. The basic elements are ontological status, productivity, conditionality, uniformity, and asymmetry. The importance of this subject, why the notion should be retained by sociologists, and the difference that this formulation makes are discusse

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Field data gathered by The Ohio State University Disaster Research Center in studying complex organizations suggest that the bureaucratic model is inadequate to explain organizational adaptation to stress. The informal structure does not replace the formal structure in such situations. There is instead a variety of patterned responses in adapting to the stress. The article illustrates these general points, sets forth a typology of possible patterned variations in bureaucratic adaptations, and indicates some factors internal and external to the organization which influence the direction and kind of adaptation followed.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the rhetoric found in the referral pamphlets distributed by military academies and homes for the mentally retarded. The material is analyzed from a perspective which views value exchange between client and organization as an initial means of institutionalizing the relations between the person and the service organization. Discussion centers around the heuristic value of economic models in sociological analysis, with particular reference to that non‐institutionalized sphere of the division of labor that encompasses service organizations which lack viable client referral mechanism

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The theoretical usefulness of a convergence of symbolic interactionism and urban sociology is discussed. A method is proposed for the analysis of large numbers of social identities. Black racial identity, in particular, is considered. Racial identity is found to be far more salient for blacks than for whites, but even for blacks, a number of other identities are seen to be more frequently employed. The notion of a “standard package of identities” is developed, and the utility of such a model for understanding group differentiation and inter‐group linkages is exp

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01200.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The correlation between the NORC prestige scale of 1947 with 1950 suicide rates is extremely low for thirty‐six specific occupations. The low correlation calls into question the findings of previous studies which employed gross occupational categories and impressionistic prestige rankings. The results indicate that client dependency and two multivariate models, status inconsistency and distributive justice, deserve further exploration in predicting suicide rates for occupation

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1971.tb01202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY