ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This analysis focuses on feminist methodology in the field of sociology by surveying the techniques used in recent research concerning gender‐related topics as well as feminist analyses of epistemological assumptions underlying the conduct of inquiry. In addition to the critique and reformulation of standard research practice, feminist methodology involves the development of innovative methodological approaches, including visual techniques, conversational and textual analysis, and analysis of spontaneous events. Linked to the development of innovation is the feminist analysis of the epistemological assumptions which underlie different ways of knowing. These principles of feminist knowledge include (1) the necessity of continuously and reflexively attending to the significance of gender relations as a basic feature of all social life, including the conduct of research; (2) the centrality of consciousness‐raising as a specific methodological tool and as a “way of seeing;” (3) the need to challenge the norm of “objectivity” that assumes a dichotomy between the subject and object of research; (4) the concern for the ethical implications of research; and (5) an emphasis on the transformation of patriarchy and the empowerme

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper suggests that interpretive sociology should review its model of consciousness in the light of the new feminist scholarship on women's experience of self and society. The thesis of the paper is that there is a fundamental conflict in women's consciousness between meaning systems inherited from the culture and those that are acquired through lived experience. This paper demonstrates that interpretive sociology's model of consciousness does not account for the conflicts posed by the feminist perspective and suggests future issues for research.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two developments in social theory, one somewhat older than the other, are raising a similar set of concerns. One, the older, is the critique of positivism as a model for social understanding, and in its most exemplary form provides the underpinnings for the trenchant criticism that has come out of the Frankfurt School. The second, the mole recent, comes out of Women's Studies and, like the critical theory of Jurgen Habermas and his predecessors, speaks to the need to understand human beings based on methods other than empiricism.I should like to propose the joining in dialogue of the two, for while I see them as having much in common, I recognize a carefully considered set of arguments coming out of the Frankfurt School, arguments which could enhance the very understanding of the world of women that feminist scholarship has as its objective.After explicating some key arguments out of Alfred Schutz, the paper indicates where the Frankfurt School parts ways with the phenomenological tradition. Of particular import is Habermas' “emancipatory interest.” Certain recent writings in feminist theory are looked at for the kind of attack they make on scientism and for the rationale behind their call for a turn to the phenomenological or hermeneutic method. The paper then raises concerns about (1) the importance of understanding the historical debates on positivism; (2) the danger of conflating intuition and hermeneutics; and (3) the suggestions that women may occupy a privileged standpoint from which to interpret the social wo

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Among the literature considered for issues pertaining to gender in the 1950s is David Riesman'sThe Lonely Crowd(1950), John Seeley, et al.,Crestwood Heights(1956), William H. Whyte, Jr.,The Organization Man(1956), Jules Henry,Culture against Man, and essays by Talcott Parsons on the family. The paper shows how the authors apparently document the modernization of gender and the family by ignoring or downplaying conventional and conservative factors. In fact, they were more sanguine than even their own evidence warranted, although they seemed unaware of this. By seeing only progressive indicators they neglected the constraints on women, often identified as the “feminine mystique.” Three gender and family issues are considered for actual evidence about what was happening in the 1950s but also for contradictions in the authors' work that yield insights as well. These are whether feminine and masculine sex roles were converging in modern America, the development of companionship marriage, and the issue of “maternal overinvolvement” (or the domineering mother) in childrearing. The work under consideration suggests contradictory gender messages and developments in the postwar period, indicating a period in which possibilities for equality between the sexes were being both created and denied t

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This discussion examines the conflicts inherent in contemporary American formulations of gender and concludes that conflict exists not so much between gender formulations as within each of them. Extending Carol Gilligan's (1982) analysis of sex‐differentiated moral development, gender is treated as the distinction between an orientation of care, and one of autonomy. The care/autonomy distinction does not necessarily entail inter‐gender conflict. Rather, that is attributable to cultural expectations of reciprocity. However, intra‐gender conflict, i.e., the conllict within the formulations of gender, is shown to be extensive. Specifically, masculinity presumes equality and autonomy, yet functions to produce hierarchy and dependence, involves a contradiction between a principle of blanket autonomy and the preservation of self‐interest, and requires an asocial stance. Femininity endorses powerlessness but produces power, requires a commitment to care which cannot be realized, and masks the fact that sacrifice is a matter of

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of an empirical study designed to test the gender model of work on a sample of 374 female clerical workers in academic settings. In the gender model of work, personal/family variables are given primacy in terms of explaining work attitudes and behavior. Independent variables selected for study were sex role orientation, education, having a blue‐collar husband, and having three or more children. Dependent variables were perceived occupational stress, occupational satisfaction, perceived power, thwarted mobility, and work aspirations. Six hypotheses were tested; three were confirmed. The authors conclude that non‐traditional sex role orientation is positively related to perceived powerlessness, low occupational satisfaction, and high work aspirations. Low Pearson's r for each confirmed hypothesis suggests the inadequacy of the gender model for this particular populat

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Social critics have identified the emergence of a “new class” of professional‐technical workers in American society who not only share structural similarities but ideological orientations (egalitarianism, liberalism, and intellectualism) as well. This study was designed to establish (1) whether or not nurses, given their uncertain structural position in the new class, participate ideologically in the new class and (2) the conditions related to nurses’ values. The data set used was NORC's General Social Survey from 1972–1980. Nurses were compared with classic professionals (such as physicians, lawyers, college teachers), teachers, secretaries, and clerks (total of 1,890 respondents). It was found that 64 percent of the classic professionals held new class values compared with 50 percent of the teachers, 48 percent of the nurses, 42 percent of the secretaries, and 37 percent of the clerks. The data showed that the most important variable related to respondents’ new dass orientation was a college education, not their occupational affiliation. A summary of the various variables involved indicated that individuals in the sample most likely to hold new class values were college educated young males living in urban areas outside the South. This description helps to explain why a female‐dominated, less educated semi‐professional group such as nurses is less likely to participate ideologically in the new class than is a highly educated male‐dominated group s

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00079.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00080.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Sexual Harassment: A Guide to Resources. M. Dawn McCaghy. Boston: G. K. Hall&Co., 1985. 181 pp.The Sister Bond: A Feminist View of a Timeless Connection, ed. Toni A. H. McNaron. Pergamon Press, 1985. 134 pp.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1986.tb00081.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY