摘要:

Two main controversies‐over territorial grounding and over the range of functions‐have divided theoretical research on community into four main research traditions. Each of these is discussed in terms of its development, contributions, and inadequacies. Other controversies‐over participatory democracy, over local autonomy, and over the role of physical design–are examined in relation to efforts to construct comm

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The main causes, conditions, and social consequences of residential differentiation in urbanized communities are reviewed. A comparison is made among the forms of residential differentiation in preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial cities and in planned and unplanned industrial cites. Major emphasis is given to the social problems and issues connected with postindustrial residential differentiation.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The network approach to urban studies can be differentiated from other approaches by its emphasis on the primacy of structures of interpersonal linkages, rather than on the classification of social units according to their individual characteristics. Network analysis is also a methodology for the investigation of these structures. Substantive issues related to interpersonal ties in the city, migration, resource allocation, neighborhood, and community are examined in terms of the network structures and processes that order and integrate urban activities. Finally, a view of the city itself as a network of networks is proposed. It is the organization of urban life by networks that makes the scale and diversity of the city a source of strength rather than of chaos, while it is precisely that scale and diversity which makes the existence of a complex and widely ramified network structure possible.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the literature on formal voluntay organizations in the urban community. The theoretical approaches that guided much of the research in this area are identifid as social structural, social psychological, and organizational. Basic findings suggest that formal participation, including church membership, is a characteristic of urban life. Population characteristics, attitudes, informal interaction, and community involvement are all related to formal membership. Moreover, formal organizations attempt to integrate individuals with the larger community, and such groups, in urbanizing areas, facilitate modernization.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In recent years numerous discussions of urban communities have given great weight to themes of disorganization and disorder. This paper critically examines several impoitant conceptual, procedural, and substantive issues inherent in most treatments of community disorganization. To illustrate such fundamental problems as “overgeneralization” and dominant group bias five specific topics‐migration, disasters, slums, ghettos, and collective violence‐were selected for intensive a

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Expanding traditional sociological conceptions of community to include environmental considerations in community research, this paper stresses the importance of documenting both subjective and objective environmental concerns, as well as reconciling such differences as are presented and details precedence. Some recent data on the nature of social contact in high‐rise “communities” illustrate this app

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The field of urban politics is vast and rapidly increasing. Students of a number of disciplines with a plethora of specific interests work within its hazy boundaries. The purpose of this essay is to attempt a contemporary synthesis of the field by linking a set of social structural changes to a variety of patterned political outcomes. Concretely a number of trends affecting urban social organization are summarized with three dimensions. Next the political consequences of change along each of these dimensions are discussed in some detail. Finally, the variable effects produced by the interplay among dimensions are dealt with in a way that gives rise to some data‐based speculation about the future of urban politics. In addition to advancing a number of researchable hypotheses, it is hoped that the essay will sensitize the reader to some of the more fundamental issues that loom ahea

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comparative empirical evidence is presented to show the basic instrumentality of low‐income urban dwellers to the existential circumstances they face. In Latin America, urban dwellers have seemingly internalised the urban/industrial values of capitalist society and, depending on the availability of jobs and other urban resources and facilities, choose the most rewarding strategy for obtaining benefits. Given the general lack of a well‐established structure of secondary industry and the particularistic procedures presently most appropriate for getting jobs and other resources, the motives and basis for communal and collective action are lacking. This is seen most clearly in the example of squatting, where short‐term collective action does not develop further, once the objectives of the squatters are achieved. Various forms of instrumental action are expressed in a typology based on subjective orientations and objective opportunities. In the light of the evidence cited, discussions of “marginality,”“urban social movements” and “restructuring of community

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Utopian communities‐an alternative community form–vary from large, comprehensive settlements in which most aspects of life are collectively organized to small informal households low on comprehensiveness and collectivization, like many contemporary communes. The initial stages, organizational problems, politics, and economic organization of both highly‐structured large communes and minimally‐structured small communes are di

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY