ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00895.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearchers in technology and innovation, organization research, and product standardization in economics have noted that innovations may become the dominant designs in their product classes for reasons that may have little to do with design. The emergence process for dominant designs has typically been viewed as a black box process involving a sophisticated interaction of technological and non‐technological factors. This paper shifts the discussion to a strategic perspective. It argues that firms can frame the emergence process and can systematically manage elements of it in the pursuit of competitive advantage from innovation. An analytical framework is developed and discussed, with particular emphasis on the roles of certain external conditions, non‐technological forces, and complementary assets, as well as the implications for R&D strategists and for future research. Four distinctive examples illustrate different aspects of the framework's util

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00896.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany technology institutes have been criticised for their dislocation from, or lack of relevance to, industry. This paper provides an overview of a major benchmaking study which analyzed in depth the most successful technology institutes from eight nations (four in Europe and four in East Asia). Institutes selected for study met a criterion which included a combination of dynamism, relevance to industry, contribution to the national science and technology infrastructure, independent fund‐raising capability, innovative organizational structures, and effective management. The paper examines the activities engaged in by the eight institutes, the principal challenges they face, and identifies the main success factors underlying their achievements. The paper attempts to illustrate practical, best practice strategies by showing how leading technology institutes have successfully contributed to their national system of innovation. To this end, success factors have been categorized into those factors which are under the direct control of the institutes (internal), which are outside of their influence (external), and those which can be affected to a lesser or greater exten

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00897.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is apparent that more and more organizations are embarking on collaborative ventures to develop products. This is particularly evident in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sectors, so much so that part of the ‘received wisdom’ of ICT companies is that collaboration is the preferred route for product development. The benefits of collaboration have been well documented and are linked to the complexity and costliness of product development and the need for inputs from wide and varied areas of expertise as well as shorter lead times for product development. But the risks and costs of collsborative product development have been less well defined. In this paper, it is argued that the alleged rewards of collaboration may not be experienced in practice and that collaboration can lengthen the product development process, add to the cost of product development and prove difficult to control. However, management practice can facilitate the effective outcome of collaborative product development and the critical factors affecting the likelihood of successful management practice are presented h

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00898.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtensive organizational changes in the management of product development work of industrial companies are currently taking place. Speediness (time‐based competition) and/or ‘high’ quality (total quality) are emphasized and for this purpose concepts such as simultaneous, concurrent or integrated product development have been introduced. This paper describes a study of the importance of these concepts in 29 large Swedish manufacturing companies and how these companies deal with the implementation of the new product development concepts. In addition, three in‐depth studies have been carried out to enable a more detailed study to be made of the effects of the product development work on time and quality va

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00899.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch and development is very crucial in an organization that faces rapid product obsolescence. Our thesis is that R&D project scheduling and resource planning should be born out of the optimum product launch plan which, in turn, should be in adherence to the growth rate targeted by the organization. Such an approach would ensure that the R&D activities of the organization are in tune with the Organization's goals. The absence of such coordinated R&D planning would hamper the productivity and profitability of the organization. This paper attempts to develop a methodology and model that would enable the streamlining of R&D project schedule. A real life case application has also been illustrated.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn recent years, consultants and academics have encouraged managers to use Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to help implement their competitive strategies. In particular, there has been enthusiasm for tailoring HRM practices to fit innovation strategies since achieving a competitive advantage based on technological superiority is very much associated with the quality of the firm's human resources. Unfortunately, there is little empirical research that examines how HRM can best support innovation strategies, and even less that evaluates the effectiveness of HRM practices in encouraging innovation in various functional settings, such as R&D departments. This research is an attempt to bridge this gap. Data were gathered from 115 divisions (SBUs) in 89 Fortune 500 companies in the US, and analyzed to identify which HRM practices used with R&D managers were most strongly associated with innovation and SBU performance. This article, which also includes descriptive data on how R&D managers are selected, compensated and evaluated, concludes with the authors’ recommendations on how R&D managers should be treated from an HRM perspectiv

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Globalization, Technology and Competition: The Fusion of Computers and Telecommunications in the 1990sGlobalization, Technology and Competition: The Fusion of Computers and Telecommuni‐ cations in the 1990sHigh‐Tech for Industrial Development: Lessons from the Brazilian Experience in Electronics and AutomationScience and Technology Management BibliographyIntelligent Enterprise: A Knowledge and Service Based Paradigm for Indu

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY