ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A tentative planning and resource allocation system for product‐oriented research in large centralized research laboratories is described. The system has been developed and tested on the basis of a number of case studies. It can be used as an information system providing the research organization with research goals and their economic value and also to recommend which research project funding patterns have the greatest value to the company. The system is named QUESTAR (QuantitativeUtilityEvaluationSuggestingTargets for theAllocation ofResources) and has been developed in cooperation with Abt Associates, Management Consultants of Cambridge, Massachuse

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—At the present time, very few organizations appear to be using the more complex, portfolio based, resource allocation models proposed in the literature. It is the objective of this paper to discuss some extensions and improvements to a basic linear programming approach to decision making in R&D, pointing out their weaknesses whether of a theoretical or practical natur

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A method for selecting a programme of research by calculating the overall costs and benefits is outlined and then, as an example, it is applied to a particular field of research. The field selected is that of research into Vehicle Safety.The method of collecting the data for the necessary analysis is described and using two separate programme objectives, namely the maximization of gross benefits and the maximization of net benefits, various selections are made using linear programme computer techniques.The dangers of uncritical acceptance of cost/benefit criteria in project selections are noted. In particular the need for freedom to devote effort to understanding the nature of problems rather than achieve quick solutions is pointed out.Finally, reasons are given for modifying the portfolio selected to produce what is called a pragmatic portfoli

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A dynamic, time‐staged mixed integer model is currently being used for the selection of industrial long‐range R&D portfolio. Input data from research and marketing are processed through logical programs to provide the discounted payoffs, probabilities (Bayesian, parallel strategies), subjective nonmonetary multiple criteria weights, and the matrix for the mathematical programming model. The multiperiod portfolio is revised sequentially for resources exhaustion throughout the planning horizon by the staged introduction of additional projects. Marginal payoff function (additional investments vs. expected payoff) is a by‐product for the support of additional resources justification. Mathematical and heuristic techniques used to overcome common difficulties confronted by previously discussed models are presented. Experience with model introduction to management is also di

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Starting from the premise that commercial research aims to maximize the expected profitability for a given expenditure on research, a Profitability Index is derived based on a decision tree concept. The practical application of this Profitability Index at the British Petroleum Company Limited's Sunbury Research Centre in the context of research sponsored by several departments is then describe

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01359.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—Project selection is not a process which occurs at a particular instance in time and to which any single technique or even combination of techniques can be applied. It is an ongoing operation which requires inputs from the idea generation and creativity area and which raises questions about long‐term planning and corporate strategy. This paper therefore considers the problem from an organizational point of view and draws upon a variety of research findings which help us to understand how the process might be improved and how some of the more formalized procedures which have been suggested in the literature can be of assista

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01360.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—In this study, fifteen managers and scientists experimented with the use of aQ‐sort procedure for evaluating and prioritizing thirteen research projects.Q‐sorting is a psychometric method for classifying items according to the opinions of a group of persons, and for evoking group consensus on these classifications. The procedure focuses on the rather natural individual opinion/group decision making process that must take place in project selection/evaluation. In general, the participants thought thatQ‐sorting was too imprecise to yield final decisions. However, progress was made toward organizational consensus, and the participants felt the procedure was valuable for facilitating scientist/scientist and the scientist‐manager communications within the project evaluation process. It was therefore concluded thatQ‐sorting may be a valuable aid to the heuristic idea‐exchange process that should accompany any formal project selection exercise. The results here suggest thatQ‐sorting may be a good procedure to facilitate the use of a mathematical project

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01361.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—The R&D project selection decision is described as a process by which an intermittent stream of changes are made to lists of currently active and proposed projects. It includes generating alternatives, determining when a decision is required, collecting data, specifying constraints and criteria, and recycling. The decision is viewed as imbedded within a hierarchical, diffuse budgeting and planning process. Process characteristics such as multiple criteria whose relative importance varies over time, inherent uncertainty, and parameter interrelationships result in a highly complex decision problem. The existing normative R&D benefit measurement and project selection literature is assessed and the limitations inherent in the proposed models are determined. A number of research opportunities are identified for both methodological and empirical studie

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01362.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract—A method is described which was developed to evaluate the “behavior” characteristics of a computer program used for R&D Resource Allocation. Results are included for the application of this method to a computer‐aided decision process previously used in the Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory at Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base. This evaluation method is possibly applicable in general to other computer‐aided managem

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1975.tb01363.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1975

数据来源: WILEY