ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author provides evidence, derived from his own published research, to justify his claim that all the commonly used indicators of technical intensity of innovation suffer from severe limitations. The paper consists of a critique, as indicators of innovativeness, of increase of value‐to‐weight ratios of finished products, R&D expenditure, the number of QSEs employed, patent and licensing activity and the rate and direction of the flow of technology. He shows that technical change can increase value added‐to‐weight of a product but that differences in the ratio do not necessarily reflect different technical performance; that in‐house formal R&D is not the only way in which technical change is brought about in a firm; that one must know not only how many QSEs are employed by a firm but also how they are distributed over the firm's operations; that patent and licensing information need very skilled interpretation to produce valid conclusions and that outward flow of technology, though perhaps a necessary criterion of innovativeness is not a sufficient one.The paper concludes with some suggestions for an alternative approach, the key to which is to combine quantitative data derived from the above indicators with qualitative in‐depth studies of how innovation actually occurs in the economic sector

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of national culture, found to be strong in the FRG/UK study, is even stronger in Japan. Apparent anomalies in the quantitative findings are resolved by taking it into account. The slopes of the regression lines of R&D resources against company productivity suggest that expenditure on R&D in the UK is well below optimum while that in Japan is rather above it and permit speculation as to what the optimum is for the industry.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTeam climate is a construct which easily fits with organisational diagnosis and R&D effectiveness and which has been found to be readily acceptable to team leaders. This paper briefly describes the construction and use of an organisation climate instrument which was developed as a diagnostic tool for team climate characteristics in R&D, and a springboard for initiating indepth discussions with R&O team leaders. A system of feedback was developed which comprised a computerized set of plots including (1) CLIMAP (Climate MAPping) intended to depict the individual and aggregate profiles of individual perceptions along relevant climate dimensions. (2) LOCMAT (LOCation MATrix) intended to portray in a matrix form, the location of members relative to each other regarding their perception of team climate and the extent of their agreement/disagreement therewith. The development and use of the instrument and its associated form of feedback is viewed as a potential method for increasing the awareness of team members, project managers and team leaders of their work environment, and as a useful tool for initiating planned change. To date, information has been collected from more than 300 scientific and technical personnel in R&D establishments; amongst these, more specific data have been collected in 18 teams. Implications for management and also for further research are discussed.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies in the literature on the performance of research scientists have examined a range of organisational factors but have often ignored personality characteristics. The present paper describes the preliminary work in examining personality using the Kirton Adaption‐Innovation theory (KAI). In the course of the work, interesting patterns were detected in the sub‐factors of which the KAI inventory is composed. This led to the idea of characterising researchers according to one of four types, as determined by the sub‐factors of KAI. The paper describes the characteristics of the four types according to their level of creative performance and skills performance and also their level of job satisfaction. It suggests that this characterisation may hold useful insights regarding the deployment of research scien

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01157.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01158.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Strategic Management of Human Resources A Portfolio Approach. George S. Odione. Jossey Bass Ltd, 1985. £30.75 Hdbk., D. YEOThe Philosophy of Leadership. Christopher Hodgkinson. Basil Blackwell, Publisher, Oxford 1983. pp. 247, £12.50, S. R. EPTONCurrent Research in Management. Edited by Valerie Hammond. Published by Frances Pinter, London and Dover, 1985, pp. 265, DOUG LOVEDAYForesight in Science—Picking The Winners. J. Irvine and B. R. Martin. Francis Pinter, London, 1984. £12.50, S. R. POSTLECapital Investment Selection. Johan G. Wissema. Francis Pinter, London. 1985. £17.50, T. W. McRAEThe Environment for Entrepreneurship. Calvin A. Kent. Lexington Books, Gower Publishing Company Limited. 1984. Hardback £22.00. 190 pages, GEORGE HAYWARDR&D, Patents, and Productivity. Edited by Zvi Griliches. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London. 1984. Hardback £46.00. 512 pages, GEORGE HAYWARDInnovation and Technology Transfer for the Growing Firm: Text and Cases. Julian Lowe and Nick Crawford, School of Management, University of Bath. Pergamon Press. 1984. Hardback £11.50. 226 pages, GEORGE HAYWARDAspects of Japanese Commercial Innovation. Rodney Clark. Technical Change Centre, London, 1984., S. A. BERGENThe Marketing of Technology, This is an addition to the IEE Management of Technology Series published by Peter Peregrinus Ltd. 1984. The Series Editor is G. A. Montgomerie, an earnest of informed and workmanlike texts. Price £15 UK, $38 Americas, £19 elsewhere., S. A. BERGENImproving leadership effectiveness: the leader match concept. Fred E. Fiedler and Martin M. Chemers, 2nd edition. J, Wiley, New York. 1984. £10.60, ROY PAYNEThe Trouble with Technology: Explorations in the Process of Technological Change. S. MacDonald, D. McL. Lamberton, T. D. Mandeville, (eds.). 1983. London: Frances Pinter, P.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1986.tb01159.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY