ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous studies of success and failure in new product development have examined the effects of numerous variables upon new product outcomes. Some of these variables are controllable by the firm; many are not. This study employs canonical correlation analysis to investigate the nature of the interactions within and between two sets of variables (controllable and environmental) in the new product process. Several insightful implications for new product management are obtained and presented. Among these is the need for production and marketing synergy in new product development

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This working paper addresses the interaction processes of separate organisations combining in the development and commercialisation of innovations. A conceptual model is outlined, which expounds the transfer of technology from Dedicated R&D Centres (DRDCs) to manufacturers. The authors term this the ‘intermediate’ technology transfer stage. The paper discusses the role of DRDCs in innovation initiation and suggests that DRDCs differ in their innovation strategy and client base according to their sources of fund

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper proposes a model of innovation claimed to be applicable both to the lone entrepreneur and the large institution. It treats innovation as a social process and views it in some respects as analogous to natural selection.The model takes into account 12 elements: the innovator, the new concept, the innovating group, the new product, target user, competitors, capital supply, strategy, supplying organization, technology, relevant environment and chance. The author characterises each element and shows how they interact in the course of guiding a particular innovation to success or failure.The operation of the model is illustrated by applying it to two cases — the rise and decline of the metal ski and the launch and success of a national US newspaper.The paper concludes with a list of possible uses of the model, as a checklist for action, as a basis for incorporating other approaches to the innovation process and as a starting point for a quantitative representation of the innovation proces

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper reports an analysis of the characteristics of those new projects that are killed, that is, terminated before commercialisation. Such projects constitute the majority of new product projects. The authors' aim was to learn from the differences between ‘kills’ and those that are commercialised. The latter may, of course, turn out to be successes or failures.Their sample consisted of 250 new projects of which 123 were ultimately successful, 80 failed and 47 were kills. Two hypotheses were tested: that kills and failures had similar characteristics and that kills differed from successes in the way that failures differed from successes. Four groups of multidimensional project characteristics were measured: product advantage, market attractiveness, competitive situation, and synergy/familiarity.The results showed that neither hypothesis was generally supported, The patterns of characteristics observed were complex but were unravelled through a computer model simulating how managers perform the evaluation process. It showed that the results could be explained on the basis that errors could be made in evaluation. For example, it is difficult to evaluate product advantage. Surprisingly, competitive situation is not a discriminator between successes, failures and kills but managers treat it as if it were. Some characteristics are perceived by managers to be negative although they are, in fact, favourable to project success.The authors claim that these results should lead to better allocation of R&D resources among proposed proje

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

R&D often reflects social concerns which are represented in the organization and implementation of scientific inquiry. An analysis of R&D projects for the disabled provides a glimpse into the link between such social concerns and its consequent organizational basis.A content analysis of 89 R&D computer‐related projects between 1979 and 1983, focussing on R&D, interest areas, funding sources, research emphasis, institutional setting and prototype production, illustrates the organizational influence involved in this type of specialized R&D.Specifically, a model is created, arguing that public funding mechanisms influence the type and direction that research takes, while factors in the form of institutional division of resources and specialization, lead to specific research concentrations. These findings add support to the argument that the organization of R&D of computer aids is influenced by societal priorities which, through a series of constraints, affects its outpu

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1990.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY