ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccording to some observers, Japan's pharmaceutical industry ‘emerged as a global competitor’ in the 1980s. According to others, the same firms ‘face severe obstacles’ in the 1990s and may ‘run out of time in their internationalization efforts.’ To help clarify the competitive position of the Japanese industry, this article uses an original framework and set of estimates to codify the R&D capability of the nine major Japanese pharmaceutical companies (‘the nine majors’) and compare it with the R&D capability of their Western counterparts. On this basis the article concludes that the majors are not yet global competitors, although several could be by the end of the decade. The estimates help to quantify what has been described as a large gap between the R&D position of the Japanese companies and the position of the top Western pharm

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe analysis of technical (R&D) collaborations in Canadian advanced materials industries show strong interactions between producers, users, government laboratories and universities. Management patterns show the predominance of flexible governance structures: long‐term agreements instead of joint ventures, two‐member partnerships, and collective management. Most of the alliances involve two or three partners, usually a producer, a user and/or a university or government laboratory. Advantages (gaining complementary assets, accelerated innovation, financing and R&D economies of scale among others) outnumber difficulties, thus bringing some evidence against the usefulness of the transaction cost approach to the study of technical alliances in advanced materials. The vast majority of the partnerships were entirely domestic (i.e. did not include foreign partners). The study was conducted on a sample of 30 Canadian private firms (both producers and users) and 6 government corporations and public research laborator

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify for UK firms active in transferring technology into the PRC, their perceptions of the market and their clients. The research was progressed by questionnaire and interview. The companies approached were selected on the basis of contracts listed in Chinese government publications and the financial press.The main findings relate to the lack of awareness in the UK of the role of the Chinese research institutes, the poor quality of Chinese management, the inadequacy of infrastructure and training needed to support the new technology and the absence of problems arising from cultural differences or leakage of proprietary information. The Chinese are eager to obtain new technology although there is some difficulty in identifying suppliers.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe monitoring and interpretation of costs incurred during a project against pre‐specified targets is the most common task which R&D managers at all levels have to undertake. Graphical interpretation of such cost and target figures can provide useful feedback as to financial performance.Spreadsheets provide an ideal environment for the manipulation of figures and production of graphs and, although not widely used, the programming facilities incorporated in such packages also allow for menu driven systems to be developed which can be operated without a knowledge of the spreadsheet's command structure thus greatly widening their area of application.This article describes some of the elements of such a system and details its ability to automatically produce four specified graphs taken from accountancy, statistical process control and forecasting which have been shown to offer a valuable insight into cost control generally and, it is proposed, within R&D projects in particula

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:Purchasing and QualityTechnology and Competition in the International Telecommunications IndustryNew Firms in the Biotechnology Industry: their contribution to innovation and growth.Dynamic Project ManagementManaging Technology: The Strategic ViewThe Global Challenge of InnovationScience Policy Research: Implications and ApplicationsMeasuring the Dynamics of Technological ChangeInnovation and Creativity at Work: psychological and organizational settingsConsulting in Innovation Practice—Methods—Perspectives: an international perspective.Managing Innovation within NetworksThe Inducing Power of Japanese Technological InnovationBeyond Spinoff: Military and commercial technologies in a changing worldReviews of National Science Policy, ItalyEntrepreneurs in High TechnologyPolicy Development and Big ScienceCapital Investment Appraisal: Towards a contingency theoryThe Management Research HandbookHigh‐tech Fantasies. Science Parks in Society, Science and SpaceManagement of Advanced Manufacturing TechnologyThe Entrepreneurial Perso

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY