ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSuccessful innovation requires both products and product champions. Evidence suggests that academic projects are usually not products and few academics are able or willing to champion adequately their projects. Thus the role of university technology transfer officers and of university innovation centres is to find efficient ways of transforming research projects into potentially profitable products and also to obtain credible commitments from capable champions.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUtterback and Abernathy (1975) developed a dynamic innovation model to explain the patterns of product and process innovation and to show which types of innovation would be most strategically appropriate for firms with particular objectives. In this paper the relation‐ships between type and/or source of innovation and a number of firm‐characteristic variables are examined. Loglinear regression is employed to determine the extent of the postulated relationships in a set of actual industry data on product innovation. The loglinear model provided results which were highly consistent with predictions made on the basis of previous research into product and process innovat

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA diffusion model that is capable of tracking very different diffusion paths is presented. Based on this model, nine different diffusion classes are proposed. Actual data for a number of products confirm that the full flexibility of the proposed approach is necessary. That is, most classes are represented by at least one product. Possible explanations of class member‐ship are proposed. More work is needed to confirm/refute these explanation

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe paper conducts a critical review of the problems faced by middle to first‐line managers in managing R&D in Canadian government laboratories. The data come from the published literature, interviews with R&D managers, and information obtained from government employees undergoing training as R&D managers.The problems are numerous and serious. They arise from a multiplicity of causes related to underfunding and bureaucratic management practices that do not allow for the special nature of R&D. Hiring freezes, staff reductions, travel restrictions and reductions in training budgets are all consequences of underfunding, resulting in an aging workforce and technological obsolescence. Bureaucratic administration rules set by central agencies constrain the freedom of R&D managers to manage effectively, and limit low‐level participation in policy‐making and planning. The result is that too many management posts are filled by under‐achieving scientists and engineers, with resultant consequences for originality and efficiency.The authors believe that the only cure is to undertake proper funding, recognise the special operational needs of R&D management, and select managers for managerial ability in addition to technical com

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe gatekeeper approach to the management of scientific and technical information (STI) is most relevant to companies engaged in product development in a dynamic technological environment (Allen, Tushman,&Lee, 1977). We will argue in this paper that these companies have a choice of how to effectively organize. The organizational structure and processes they implement will have major effects on how STI is transferred as well as the quality of the STI that is disseminated and used. Hence, changing the context within which STI is transferred may be much more effective than improving the efficiency of existing transfer procedures.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe emphasis of environmental protection has been expanded from the protection of our surrounding natural world to the protection of our health and well‐being. Research facilities often have a responsibility, as individual organizations and as an industry, to consider this protection and comply with all applicable governmental regulations. The intent of this article is to increase the expertise of R&D managers so that they will be able to recognize environmental issues and potential costs associated with, and prior to any future commercialization of, their subject research. While it is directed toward considerations unique to pilot plant and laboratory operations, several of the issues discussed can be valid for full‐scale commercial facilities developed as a result of that resea

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00564.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00565.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1988.tb00566.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY