摘要:

The standard of living of individuals does not depend so much on the income they themselves earn as on the total income of the household to which they belong and how the household organizes the use of its income. It is important to develop methods of income analysis which incorporate the household factor. In income distribution analysis, it is now common to take into consideration household size and composition in relative interpretations of income levels. In this paper it is suggested that the same methodology can be used for the purpose of absolute interpretations of income levels. The result is an alternative to per capita measures of standard of living which is sensitive not only to national income and population size, but also to household formation. This approach is applied to Norwegian data for the period from 1970 to 1986 as to trends in the average standard of living and standard of living inequality, and the redistributive impact of transfer and tax policies.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The conventional measure of national saving in U.S. accounts does not include saving in consumer durables, public investment, or intangible capital. It reflects a measure of net foreign investment that relates in considerable part to original cost rather than market values. It also does not include real capital gains.Comprehensive, adjusted measures of national saving are calculated for as many of the years from 1946 to 1989 as relevant components are available. They generally suggest much larger rates of national saving than are usually recognized. They also cast a sharp and substantially different light on the likely effects of policies designed to increase provision for the future.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since household wealth surveys have been widely used to study saving and other issues, it is important to examine the reliability of the various survey estimates of wealth. In this paper the authors assess the quality characteristics of the National Longitudinal Survey of Mature Men and the Retirement History Survey, as compared to the 1983 Survey of Consumer Finances. We find that the NLS and especially the RHS underreport wealth and wealth concentration. The underestimates of wealth held in the form of common stock, business equity, and investment real estate equity are substantial. The principal problem lies in underrepresentation of both tails of the wealth and income distributions, with the consequences of underrepresenting the upper tail being especially serious for wealth measurement. We examine several potential reasons for the underrepresentation.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper we present results on the distribution of income in Australia and New Zealand that can be compared with those for a range of other advanced countries. The framework of analysis, concepts and definitions used have been developed as part of the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). Using data for the early 1980s, the results indicate that the income distributions in Australia and New Zealand are not, as previous research has suggested, more equal than those in other countries. Neither country has an equivalent net family income inequality ranking in the top half of the eight countries studied. Further analysis indicates increasing inequality in Australia in the first half of the 1980s and, on the basis of some indicators, in New Zealand also. The paper does not investigate the causes of these increases in inequality, although the results indicate that the rise in property income has been a factor behind them.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this paper the author outlines a broad new conceptual approach to the organization of health statistics data for Canada. It represents the initial thinking in a longer term project directed towards the review of the basic form and content of Statistics Canada's program of health statistics. Two major concerns have given rise to the project. First is the general lack of coherence in health data, as compared for example to the System of National Accounts. Second is a widely perceived imbalance in data collection efforts that places too much weight on the resources devoted to provision of health care and not enough on the health status of the population–both in terms of distribution and temporal trends. These concerns are reviewed, and then a new conceptual framework within which these concerns could be met is suggested.“Her account of the voyage was considerably more interesting than the account of expenses incurred; but she was asked to account for spending so much of the voyage visiting minor satellites rather than seeking a broad overview of the entire syst

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1991.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY