摘要:

Income‐only and income‐net worth measures of elderly economic well‐being are derived from a single public welfare function‐optimizing model of household production and intertemporal resource allocation. These measures are estimated with data on United States elderly in 1984 from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. The income‐net worth measure also incorporates independently estimated work‐life expectancies and earnings replacement rates. Under both measures, minority, moderately disabled, and unmarried female elderly are the poorest sub‐populations. Increasing poverty with age is found under the income‐only measure, but not the income‐

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00434.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 1989 Soviet authorities released unprecedented new data on the size distribution of income in the U.S.S.R. in the 1980s, including the distributions by republics. With the goal of providing a benchmark for evaluating the effect of current and future economic reforms on income distribution in the former Soviet Union, this paper estimates inequality measures for the new data. The estimation uses a simple nonparametric technique based on the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test to fit the Soviet data to a lognormal distribution. The results suggest that, for income from official sources, (1) inequality in the Soviet Union as a whole declined throughout the 1980s‐both before and after Gorbachev's accession in 1985, and (2) income inequality was greater in the poorer, southern republics of the U.S.S.R. than in the north. While the inclusion of unofficial (unreported) private income would probably reinforce the second of these two trends, its effect on the first cannot be determined on the basis of available informat

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00435.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article compares savings behavior in a sample of 17 OECD countries over 24 years. On the basis of an analysis of variance and of a life‐cycle‐hypothesis‐based equation, we test the homogeneity of households' savings behavior. It appears that one cannot really speak of a homogeneous saving behavior across countries. This is a relevant finding in times of increasing economic and financial integr

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00436.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper demonstrates the proper use of the disaggregation of the Gini coefficient by factor components by deriving a formula of the elasticity of the Gini coefficient with respect to specific income components. The method is then applied to Australian household expenditure survey data to find the effects of various components of income on overall income inequality. The results are important in examining the effects of growth in specific components on the overall inequality and hence in policy decisions with respect to redistribution of income.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper develops an econometric method based on the relationship between GDP and NMP to estimate an unknown Chinese GDP series of 1952–77 using recently available Chinese GDP data of 1978–90 and a reconstructed NMP series of 1952–90. In this manner, a long‐term (1952–90) series of China's GDP has been obtained for long‐term analyses. A reassessment of Chinese economic performance of 1952–90 using this series suggests that the paper's estimate provides a reasonable reflection of both the Chinese pre‐and post‐reform economic growth in terms of production structure, growth pattern and policy changes. A series of China's per capita GDP in U.S. dollars which is comparable to the World Bank's estimate for the early 1980s has a

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Estimates of capital stock normally equate different models of capital goods by their production costs at a base date (a concept known as method 1 orK), not by their current marginal products (method 3, orJ). Some economists advocate that, instead, different models be equated by the base‐date costs of providing characteristics of the goods, not of the goods themselves. The characteristics selected have, however, excluded the amounts of other inputs used in the production to which the good is devoted. Hence the method does not equate capital goods by their marginal products but instead by the gross products of the capital goods together with various amounts of associated inputs. Gordon recognizes this defect and believes he has remedied it empirically, but the steps he takes are too slight to support this view. It remains impractical to construct estimates that equate goods by their marginal product

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Edward Denison and I agree that the correct theoretical concept of capital is to consider two capital goods equivalent if they generate the same real net revenue, defined as gross revenue minus variable operating costs measured at a fixed set of output and input prices. Although I showed in my book that the correct concept could be fully implemented for commercial aircraft and electric generating equipment, for other products I was able only partially to take operating costs into account. As a result, both Denison and I agree that my radical revision to the official capital goods deflators does not go far enough and is biased toward understating improvements in quality. Our disagreement comes down to research strategy: I believe that I have progressed partway toward the ultimate goal of implementing the correct concept, while he views such a full implementation as infeasible. As a result, he advocates a return to the traditional criterion of base‐period production cost, even though this yields price deflators that ignore improvements in performance (as for computers) and improvements in operating efficiency (as for successive generations of jet aircraft) made possible by technological advances that reduct the cost of productio

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1993.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY