摘要:

New estimates of aggregate household wealth for the U S. covering selected years in the period from 1900 to 1983 are presented. I find that marketable wealth per capita grew at 1.46 percent per year in real terms over the 1900–83 period, while real wealth per household grew at 0.81 percent per year. However, the growth rate was not uniform over the period, with the rates high during the 1900–29 and the 1949–69 periods, and slow during the other years. Moreover, real per capita wealth actually increased more slowly than real per capita disposable income and real per capita GNP over the century. I also find dramatic changes in the composition of household wealth over the century. In particular, both tangibles and fixed claim assets increased relative to total assets over the period from 1900 to 1983, while equities fell from about half to a quarter. Owner‐occupied housing increased only moderately as a proportion of assets, from 17 percent in 1900 to 20 percent in 1983. Unincorporated business equity fell from over a third of total assets to 12 percent. Among financial assets, the biggest relative growth occurred in deposits in financial institutions, which grew from 8 percent in 1900 to 22 percent in 1983. Corporate stock had the most volatile behavior in the household portfolio, growing from 13 percent of total assets in 1900 to 27 percent in 1929, falling to 10 percent in 1949, rising to 22 percent in 1965, and then falling to 11 percent by 1983. Debt as a proportion of total assets rose from 5 percent in 1900 to 16 percent in 1983. Finally, both pension reserves and social security wealth increased relative to marketable assets from virtually zero in 1900 to 12 and 48 percent, respe

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study has a twofold objective: (a) a substantive analysis of purchasing power parities (PPP's), real output and labour productivity in Brazil, Mexico and the U.S.A.; and (b) a methodological survey of the analytic problems in measuring PPP's from the production side, rather than the expenditure approach used by the United Nations (ICP). Our main substantive findings were that PPP's for manufacturing did not vary greatly from the 1975 exchange rates, that labour productivity was surprisingly high in the two Latin American countries, and that there are substantial differences in the coverage of national accounts between Mexico and Brazil. We found census concepts of value added to be rather anachronistic, particularly in the U.S.A.; we developed a new short‐cut matching procedure for industries with a complex product structure; and we found the unit value approach not inferior to the specification pricing practiced by IC

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

United States input‐output accounts identify and measure the interrelationships between the various industries in the United States economy. However, these accounts do not identify nonprofit activities from their for‐profit counterparts in the service‐producing sector. This paper, prepared by Gabriel Rudney and Paula Young, presents the methodology and summary data produced by disaggregating the service‐producing industries to identify separately nonprofit activities.The input‐output accounts for 1977 produced in this study include 107 industries, but in this paper the results are summarized into 14 industries showing only nonprofit and for‐profit components. The GNP and total outputs in this study are consistent with the revised input‐output accounts for 1977 prepared by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Econ

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00582.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Due to inflation, the level of flows of funds is changing over time. Nevertheless, National Accounts aggregate flows annually. High inflation rates create additional difficulties in elaborating constant price accounts as well as current price accounts. Furthermore, one can notice that the accounts themselves partly lose their meaning: deformation of technical coefficients, lack of share between real interests and reimbursement of the debt, change of scale, within a single aggregate, of the flows that compose it. In that inflation context, the national accounts could be interpreted again if it could be possible to reprocess the evaluations: infra‐annual constant price accounts, and above all, “calibrated accounts” are proposed in the course of this paper. The author ends with a description of a simple method to elaborate those “calibrated ac

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00583.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1989.tb00584.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY