摘要:

A new set of international comparisons covering the period 1950–85 is developed here for 121 market and 9 centrally planned economies. This new so‐called Penn World Table (Mark 4), a completely revised and updated expansion of an equivalent table published by the authors in 1984, draws on the data of two previously unavailable international comparison benchmark studies. This article presents a detailed description of all estimation procedures, and excerpts from the overall DATA TABLE covering two years, 1980 and 1985. Three computer diskettes accompanying this article (and also available from the authors) contain the complete 36–year, 60,000 entry DATA TABLE in a form that economizes on scarce journal space and is immediately machine‐readable. For the 121 market economies, the DATA TABLE gives annually, in addition to population and exchange rates, real product and price level estimates for four different national income concepts, and for the major subaggregates, consumption, investment, and government. Only population and real gross domestic product estimates are given for the nine centrally planned economies, however.This new table is one more step toward the goal of establishing a new worldwide System of Real National A

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this article is to add 12 Latin American countries to the Phase III of the United National International Comparisons Project (ICP). The data for Latin America was obtained through ECIEL. It has been demonstrated that the exchange rates do not usually reflect the relative purchasing power of currencies. When low‐income countries are compared to higher income countries the exchange rate conversion tends to understate the relative income of the lower income countries. This is true for the total GDP and even more so for the GDP components. In per capita terms it is found that for low income countries their income is more than twice as great as is indicated by the exchange rate conversio

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The next UN System of National Accounts (SNA) should have two basic characteristics.First, it has to be a modulary system. Its core is an institutional system without imputations and attributions. Next to that there are several modules. By means of imputations and attributions they transform the core into alternative systems.Second, it has to be an integrated meso‐system. There is a need for a more detailed breakdown of households and enterprises than the present SNA provides. At the same time a description of all interrelations between activities and sectors is necessary. This requires a linkage between input‐output tables and sector accounts at a detailed level. The paper shows the synoptic structure of such a system. The heart of this structure is the three‐dimensional generation of value added table. It shows not only how much of each component of value added is generated by the establishments in each activity, but it also provides the breakdown of each of these cells according to the sector of the enterprise to which the establishments belong. The paper shows how the synoptic Structure clarifies the delineation of imputations and attribu

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The increasing number of countries for which a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) has been compiled testifies to the usefulness of this integrated data framework. Considerable resources are always involved in the construction of a SAM, for it provides a comprehensive description of an economy with emphasis on distributive aspects. This means that, unlike other data systems, incomes and expenditures of several categories of households and their relation to the production structure, the balance of payments and transactions by other institutions are shown.However, apart from this minimum requirement, no standardized concepts and guidelines for SAM construction are as yet available. Although a SAM should stay as close as possible to the specific (institutional) reality of the economy it describes, some general remarks as to its design and compilation are in order. This paper represents a first attempt in that direction. After a general introduction to SAMs, each stage of the construction process is reviewed in turn.The construction process begins with the overall design of the system and various options are discussed. This section includes a schematic representation of a fairly extensive SAM. Next, the sources for the SAM need to be identified, and a provisional checklist is given here. After an overview of considerations regarding the choice of a reference year, the topic of classification in the SAM is reviewed in detail. Finally, the paper describes how the different data sets might be integrated and reconciled for consistency.The guidelines may also aid in designing a time schedule and in organizing the work when constructing a SAM.

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00562.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0034-6586    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4991.1988.tb00563.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY