摘要:

The National Cancer Institute's (NCI) chemoprevention plan employs a strategy of basic and epidemiologic studies, followed by a structured preclinical process to bring chemopreventive agents into clinical testing. The field of chemoprevention is progressing rapidly and has reached the point where a coordinated international approach for large-scale trials would be useful. At present, NCI is sponsoring nine large trials (over $1 million per year per trial); in addition, nine agents are in phase I or II clinical testing. A number of these agents should be ready soon for phase III testing. Resources required for large-scale trials compel greater attention to efficient trial designs, concept development and review, priority setting, management, budgeting, and collaboration.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098367

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in breast cancer patients was correlated to the disease-free survival. The study included 149 breast cancer patients. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. There was an inverse correlation bewteen EGFR and estrogen receptor (p<0.003) and progesterone receptor (p<0.013). Subdivision of EGFR showed that patients with EGFR≥0.60%, regarded as EGFR positive, had a worse prognosis than patients with EGFR binding<0.60%, regarded as EGFR negative (p = 0.004). In the ER negative group, EGFR positive patients had a shorter relapse-free time than patients with EGFR negative cancer (p<0.009). The same subdivision among ER positive patients showed no statistically significant difference.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098368

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Preoperative serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) levels were measured in patients with colorectal cancer, and correlated with various factors as stage, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, grade, serum CEA and IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein). The levels of serum soluble IL-2R in Dukes stage C were significantly higher than in normal control and in Dukes stage A. Serum levels were also significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in patients without such metastasis, and in IAP positive patients compared to IAP negative patients. Preoperative serum IL-2R levels thus seem to reflect the stage of the disease.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098369

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Forty-three squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region were in vivo labelled with the thymidine analogue iododeoxyuridine. Combined flow cytometric (FCM) and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was performed, and the following parameters calculated: labelling index (LI), S-phase time (Ts) and potential tumor doubling time (Tpot). Complete FCM and IHC analyses could successfully be performed in 31 cases, showing a median LI of 13.6% with FCM and 9.1% with IHC. A correlation achieved between LI/FCM and LI/IHC was due to the aneuploid cases, whereas the diploid cases showed no such correlation. Data indicated that Tpotcalculated with LI from IHC (Tpot/IHC) might be a prognostic factor, in contrast to Tpotdetermined using LI/FCM.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098370

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The activity of O6-methylgaunine-DNA methyltransferase (O6-MT), which removes O6-methyl residues from O6-methyIguanine-DNA leading to cell death, has been reported to correlate with sensitivity to nitrosoureas used for chemotherapy of gliomas. We determined O6-MT activity in tumors and matched brain tissue from patients with gliomas. Histological diagnoses were: six malignant astrocytomas, two glioblastomas, two oligodendrogliomas, one ependymoma, and one medulloblastoma. In all cases but one, the activity ranged widely from 39 to 258 fmol/mg protein extract. The wide range of activity of the tumor tissue may indicate varying degree of sensitivity to nitrosoureas. The activity of brain tissue, available from the peritumoral region of five cases, varied between 38 to 415 fmol/mg. Four of the five regions showed a higher value than the respective tumor, and one showed a lower value.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098371

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In a retrospective analysis of 129 ultrasound-guided biopsy-gun biopsies (USGB) from patients with known or suspected malignant lymphoma, a histopathological diagnosis was obtained in 101 (78%) instances and no further procedures for histological verification were required. In the 28 cases with initially non-diagnostic results, 14 new USGBs were performed and a diagnosis was obtained in 11. Thus, a total success rate of 87% was achieved. The correct diagnosis was confirmed with either surgery, autopsy, or radiological or clinical follow-ups (median 40 months). The diagnoses were categorised as Hodgkin's disease and high-grade or low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Further subtyping of the lymphoma was possible in a few cases only. Immunohistochemistry was utilised only in a minor proportion of the cases (25/129), but refined the diagnosis in several instances. The biopsy-gun method was safe and minor adverse effects were seen in two patients only.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098372

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Urinary concentration of doxorubicin and its active metabolite doxorubicinol was followed in two groups of rats after hepatic intra-arterial injection of a single dose of 6 nig/kg doxorubicin or the same dose combined with 30 mg/kg Spherexr` (DSM). Urinary samples were collected during five days following administration. The concomitant DSM administration caused a significant decrease of the cumulative urinary excretion of intact doxorubicin; average five days of cumulative values were 73 and 103μg respectively in the group with and without DSM. This indicates a DSM-induced reduction in systemic drug exposure. The elimination rates of doxorubicin or its active metabolite were not influenced by DSM. The decrease in excretion of the parent drug was not due to an interaction between the drug and DSM as evident by examining the binding of doxorubicin to DSM in vitro. Instead regionally altered drug distribution seems a plausible explanation to the reduction.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098373

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The treatment results were compared in 77 patients with maxillary sinus squamous cell carcinoma (MC) and 53 patients with squamous cell carcinoma arising from the oral part of the upper jaw (OC). Both sets of patients received radiotherapy alone, or radiotherapy combined with surgery and/or chemotherapy. Computerized tomography was useful for the definition of the treatment volume. Inrraarterial chemotherapy was given in 89 of 130 patients and in these patients the total radiation dose was reduced by about 10 Gy. No difference was found in the 5-year survival rate between the MC (65%) and the OC (66%) groups. The cumulative incidence of local failure was higher in MC (36%) than in OC (26%), whereas the ultimate incidence of neck node metastasis was higher in OC (43%) than in MC patients (18%). Half of the inoperable patients (9/18) were older than 80 years and had contraindications to anaesthesia and major surgery. The local recurrence rate was high in the inoperable MC patients (6/8). Contralateral simus cancers occurred in 4 patients in the MC group.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098374

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Among 73 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with chemotherapy (cis-platin + 5-fluorouracil), surgery and pre- and postoperative radiotherapy, the 1-year survival rate was 68% and the 5-year rate 26%. The treatment was well tolerated, though there were 11 cases of pericardial or pleural effusion, in all of which the effusion was benign and could be successfully treated with pleural aspiration and/or pleurodesis, pericardiocentesis, or in one case pericardectomy.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098375

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Fifty-four patients with T3-T4 squamous cell carcinomas of the pyriform sinus were treated between 1976 and 1990. Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (n = 32) was the treatment of choice. Radical radiotherapy was used in patients with contraindications for surgery or with inoperable tumors and in patients who refused surgery. The local control rate was significantly higher in the combined treatment group (31/32; 97%) than in the group treated with radical radiotherapy (14/22; 64%) which consisted of more advanced cases. In patients who received radical radiotherapy, the highest local control rates were recorded with doses of 70 Gy and above and with the use of 2 fractions per day. There was no significant difference in regional control and survival rates between the treatment groups. New approaches are indicated to improve the prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer.

ISSN:0284-186X    

DOI:10.3109/02841869409098376

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor