摘要:

A study was conducted to measure the attitudes of immediate neighbours to people with intellectual disabilities who move from hospitals into ordinary houses. Some neighbours in the area under study had demonstrated overt hostility towards the newcomers. 83 neighbours of 17 established homes were interviewed once, and 67 neighbours of 9 planned homes were interviewed three times: before the newcomers arrived, within a month of their arrival, and one year later. It was found that the majority of the neighbours' attitudes over all time scales, as measured by a constructed attitude instrument, were positive. It was also found that attitudes became significantly more positive over time (p<0.0000). Neighbours' opinions on community care and their general expectations about the newcomers were also surveyed. The implications for attitude research are discussed. It is suggested that the neighbour's protests and hostility came from a vociferous, yet sometimes effective, minority.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report describes a study of people with intellectual disability over the age of 40 years who were still living with relatives in the family home. Previous studies have revealed that there exist different types of social networks and that identifying network type and available informal support is important for planning effective service delivery. The main focus of this investigation was on the structure and characteristics of informal support networks and the pattern of support that occurred.The sample consisted of 32 individuals with an intellectual disability, mean age 46.7 years. Overall, the study found that carers received little support from other family members and the wider community in performing personal and household care tasks. The informal networks of older adults with learning disability operated on a hierarchical basis with primary family members, particularly parents and siblings, providing the bulk of informal support. Other relatives and friends and neighbours played a less significant role in informal care networks. The study also draws attention to the increasing number of elderly carers who, often single‐handedly, provide the primary sources of care for older adults with learning disability. Contrary to what might be expected, it was found that the size of an individual's network, in terms of numbers of localised kin members, was not related to the amount of support the main carer received from other

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Many studies of the quality of ordinary housing have relied upon objective indices, which permit only inferential judgements to be made about the quality of life of service users. Quality of Life (QOL) has recently emerged as a key outcome criterion against which to assess the success of community based services for people with intellectual disabilities. A small scale study was conducted to assess the extent to which objective measures of service quality were enhanced by the addition of a subjective, QOL, measure. Service users' engagement in domestic activity, staff contacts and participation in the local community were assessed and, in addition, theQuality of Life Questionnaire(Schalock&Keith, 1993) was completed. Data suggested that isolation and disengagement characterised the sample. Perceived QOL was correspondingly poor. It is concluded that the ordinary house remains a necessary, but insufficient, component of an integrative service model.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The last decade has witnessed a notable growth in instrumental family support services. While there exists a considerable literature on levels of consumer satisfaction with support services, their impact upon parents' commitment to the parental role has been less well addressed. Employing data derived from a qualitative, indepth study of the experiences of parents of 33 co‐resident adult offspring with intellectual disabilities, this article examines some features of parents' lives which shape parents' needs for support and their assessment of the adequacy of support received. Support services were positively received in the way they interrupted, what would otherwise be, a continuous cycle of care. However, for some parents the nature of provision was such that support services heightened rather than moderated their sense of living a restricted lifestyle. Support services were insensitive to the life course dimension of parents' lives, operating upon a notion that parents required only respite. The findings suggest that support services need to adopt a more rounded view of parents if effective help is to be provided to them. This would include an understanding that parents wish to be creative with the time liberated by support services. The development of support services is discussed in terms of two phases. The first phase, and that which currently predominates, involves supporting parents through sharing the parental workload. The second, and less advanced phase involves supporting the person and his/her range of personal aspirations and interests. The implications which this latter phase may have for other forms of service provision are briefly discusse

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A review of the use of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviours (DRO) showed that the majority of people had target behaviour with an initial frequency of greater than once a minute. There was a rapid drop in the number of published studies as the frequency of the initial target behaviour decreased. However, there were some studies that reported using DRO to reduce target behaviours with frequencies of less than once a day. There was evidence that DRO could be used with people with the full range of intellectual disabilities, to reduce target behaviours with frequencies as low as several times an hour, though those people with severe to profound disability needed more training on the DRO schedule before it was effective. It is suggested that DRO may not be as effective with lower frequency target behaviours and recommendations are made as to how its effectiveness might be increased.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Legal Issues Arising From the Care, Control and Safety of Children with Learning Disabilities who also Present Severe Challenging BehaviourC. Lyon.Legal Issues Arising From the Care and Control of Children with Learning Disabilities who also Present Severe Challenging Behaviour. A Guide for Parents and CarersC. Lyon.Services for People with Learning DisabilitiesNigel Malin (ed).Developments in Community Care for Adults with Learning DisabilitiesS. Turner, D. Sweeney and L. Hayes.Innovations in Family Support for People with Learning DisabilitiesPeter Mittler and Helie Mittler (eds).Language Development in Children with Special Needs: Performative CommunicationIrene Johansson (translated by Eva Thomas)The Normalization Principle PapersBengt Nirje.Working in Group CareAdrian Ward.

ISSN:1360-2322    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-3148.1996.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY