ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the incidence of low birthweight and socioeconomic status, in particular whether the relationship was different for very low birthweight (<1500 g) and moderately low birthweight (1500 to 2499 g). The study population was births from 1982 to 1986 to women resident in Victoria (300 704). Data on socioeconomic status were derived from an indicator developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics from the 1981 census and applied to postcodes.Using the rates of very low birthweight and moderately low birthweight in the highest socioeconomic status decile as the reference value we found that the relative risk for very low birthweight was significantly raised in only the lowest socioeconomic status decile (relative risk = 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 1.42). The relative risk for moderately low birthweight was increased in the two lowest deciles: 1.19 (CI 1.12 to 1.26) and 1.09 (CI 1.01 to 1.17) respectively.Women not married at the time of the birth had a higher rate of low birthweight and were more likely to live in the lower socioeconomic status postcode areas. The relationships between very low birthweight, moderately low birthweight and socioeconomic status were attenuated but still significant when this factor was taken into account. Differences in low birthweight by socioeconomic status decile were not apparent for nonsmoking women. The relationship between smoking and low birthweight was different in the two lowest socioeconomic status deciles: the relative risk of low birthweight in smokers was 2.60 (CI 1.73 to 3.91) compared with a relative risk of 1.64 (CI 1.33 to 2.03) in deciles 3 to 10.

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A study of coronary risk factor relationships was carried out in 213 families with adolescents in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, in 1987. Weight, height, skinfold thicknesses, body circumferences, blood pressure and serum cholesterol were measured in both parents and children and other relevant information was obtained by questionnaire. The study group did not differ significantly from the Geelong population with respect to the proportion of Australian‐born parents but contained a significantly higher proportion than expected of fathers who had a university degree or diploma. Twenty‐five per cent of adolescents, 30% of mothers and 38% of fathers were positive for at least one of the three major established coronary risk factors. Significant correlations between parents and children, but not between parents, were found for total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, while significant correlations were observed both between parents and children and between parents for measures of body size, body fatness and body fat distribution. The strongest predictors of risk factor status in adolescence were both parents with total cholesterol at or above 5.5 mmol/1, one or more parents who smoked and one or more grandparents with a history of coronary heart disease. Body mass index in adolescence was unrelated to heart disease risk factor status in adolescence or to a family history of heart disease. During early childhood and adolescence, parental risk factor status, rather than anthropometric or risk factor screening of the children themselves, is likely to provide the best guide to those at risk for an adverse coronary risk factor prof

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The ear health and state of hearing of 642 Aboriginal children living in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia in 1989 was assessed by audiometry, otoscopy and tympanometry in order to establish the efficacy of the existing ear health program. A heavy burden of ear disease and hearing loss is reported and the findings are compared with previous surveys. A conclusion is drawn that the ear health of this population has not improved in the last decade.

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A measles immunisation survey was conducted among children who enrolled in school kindergarten classes in the Eastern Sydney Area in 1989. Its aims were to determine baseline compliance rates, to identify subpopulations at risk of poor compliance and to evaluate the impact of the bicentennial measles control campaigns on compliance among children under five years. All 73 schools participated, questionnaires were returned by 2230 (81.4%) children, and compliance with immunisation was 91.3%. 89.1% of children attending public schools were immunised, compared to 91.9% of Catholic school pupils and 95.8% of independent school pupils (X2= 21.4,P<0.001). Among public school children, 91.6% of pupils from English‐speaking families were immunised in comparison to 81.4% of pupils from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds (X2= 20.5,P≤ 0.001). The fraction of previously unimmunised children who were known to have been immunised during each year of the measles control campaigns was 16% in 1986–87,10% in 1987–88 and 9% in 1988–89. These small increments in immunisation uptake suggest that under‐five‐year‐olds were not effectively targeted by the measles control campaigns. However, no control group was evaluated. Immunisation delivery systems must be designed which ensure that all children receive measles‐mumps‐rubella vaccine as soon as possible after the first birthday. Immunisation promotions and service providers will need to target specific language a

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00021.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In 1986, the Australian Government issued warnings about the use of aspirin for children and adolescents after the link had been established between aspirin use and Reye's syndrome in America. This study questioned a representative community sample of parents in Newcasde, New South Wales, about their awareness of this caution, and their recent aspirin use for children under 18 years. While 65% of women and 47% of men reported that they were aware of the Government recommendations, only 8% of women and 9% of men reported obtaining this information from the printed warning on the medicine container or packet. Despite awareness of the warnings, almost one third of parents reported administering aspirin to their children. When it is necessary to caution patients about the use of over‐the‐counter medications, it is not sufficient to use package labelling as the main site of informat

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A survey of the community was undertaken in August 1989 to assess the public's perception of the risks and benefits of alcohol use, and their understanding of recommended levels of safe alcohol consumption. A household sample of 500 men and women (18 to 65 years) in metropolitan and rural New South Wales were asked their opinions about the risks and benefits of alcohol use, the health and social consequences of ‘drinking too much’, and the number of standard drinks that would produce a low, medium and high risk to the health of an adult man and woman. The major perceived benefits of alcohol use were relaxation and medication; the major health and social problems attributed to alcohol abuse were brain and liver damage, and domestic violence and family problems. The quantities of alcohol which respondents thought could be consumed with a ‘low’ risk to health were close to National Health and Medical Research Council recommended levels of safe cons

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:This paper presents findings on drug prevalences for licit and illicit drugs among New South Wales secondary school students (n= 3753) in late 1989. It also considers the accuracy of students' perceptions of the drug causing the most and fewest drug‐related deaths. Data were analysed by age and gender, using logistic regression for the prevalence data. Findings indicate that licit drugs (tobacco, alcohol and analgesics) were the most frequently and widely used. Rates for illicit drugs were low, although there was some degree of experimental use of cannabis which increased amongst older males. Perceptions were found to be inaccurate in emphasising the dangers of the illicit drug heroin over those of the licit drugs tobacco and alcohol. Reasons for these findings are discussed, and more in‐depth research recommended into the relationship between drug prevalences and perceptions for different age groups, and its relevance for planning drug prevention initiati

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:Three drug use surveys employing a standardised questionnaire format and sampling procedure were conducted on samples of New South Wales school students in 1983, 1986 and 1989. Alcohol and tobacco were the most frequently used substances across the surveys, with rates of use of illicit substances being considerably lower. Declines in the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and stimulant use were found between 1983 and 1986 and between 1986 and 1989 for both males and females. Rates of use of inhalants, sedatives, hallucinogens and narcotics declined between 1983 and 1986, but remained unchanged between the 1986 and 1989 samples. Cannabis use declined significantly among females between 1983 and 1989, but not among males. Possible reasons for the general decline in drug use over the six‐year period are discusse

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1992.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY