ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A sample of 3527 adults aged 16 years and over was interviewed in their homes to obtain Australian data on selected behavioural risk factors for cancer. Four fifths of those interviewed nominated at least one step that individuals may take to reduce their risk of cancer, while 14 per cent believed there were no preventive measures available. Most salient among the preventive steps mentioned were ‘not smoking’ (58 per cent), dietary measures (30 per cent) and protection of the skin against the sun (13 per cent). Various psychological factors were mentioned by 7 per cent. Beliefs about dietary factors associated with cancer and the direction of the relationship tended to be accurate but there appeared to be some confusion with heart disease dietary risk factors. One third of respondents had at some time noticed a skin sign they thought might be cancer, and this was related (as expected) to latitude of residence. Nearly half had at some time systematically checked their skin for lesions, and 13 per cent said they had done this at least six times in the preceding year. Overall, 78 per cent of women respondents said they had been screened for cervical cancer, and 51 per cent said this had taken place in the past two years. Twelve per cent reported having had a mammogram, 7 per cent that were apparently diagnostic and 5 per cent that were reported to be routine screening mammograms. Overall, 78 per cent said they had done systematic breast self‐examination at least once, including 41 per cent who said they had done breast self‐examination in the past month and 23 per cent who reported having done it monthly over the previo

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A random sample of women in Sydney were interviewed by telephone to determine their knowledge about and attitudes to mammography. A response rate of 56 per cent (628 women) was obtained. While the majority of women had had some experience with breast cancer, knowledge about which age groups were most at risk and treatment alternatives was limited. Only about half of the sample had heard about screening mammography before the survey. However, when a simple explanation was given, 79 per cent expressed a favourable attitude toward it. Only 22 per cent of women thought of themselves as being personally susceptible to breast cancer; the proportion was lower in women over 60 than in those in their 40s. Morbid concern about breast cancer was rare. About a quarter of the sample expressed concern about mammographically induced exposure to radiation. Attitudes and perceptions of personal susceptibility were not associated with knowledge about risks of breast cancer. However, having a favourable attitude and a lack of concern about radiation were associated with previously having heard about screening mammography. Women speaking a language other than English at home and from households where the main income earner was in an unskilled occupation were least likely to have heard of screening mammography. Suggestions for data‐based recruitment strategies are discusse

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of invitations for mammographic screening. Women aged 45 to 69 who had not attended for screening at the mobile Breast X‐Ray Programme of the Central Sydney Area Health Service were randomly selected from the 1989 electoral listing. In the geographical area in which the study was conducted (Drummoyne local government area), 36 per cent of women had attended for screening before the intervention, indicating that the invitations were aimed at the reluctant participant. Women were randomly allocated to a control group who did not receive invitations (n= 80), and an intervention group who received letters from the Program inviting them to attend at a specified time (n= 163). Overall 33 per cent of women (53 of 163) who were sent invitations attended for screening compared to 9 per cent of those not invited (7 of 80) (P<0.001). Older women responded at least as well as younger women. In addition, the distribution of language spoken at home was similar for electoral listing attenders and the community as a whole suggesting that this intervention works as well for women of English‐and non‐English‐speaking backgrounds. The results suggest that the response to an invitation for screening from a source not personally known to women achieves comparable attendance to an invitation from their general practitioner, as assessed in a previou

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In the light of long‐standing criticism of nursing homes an assessment of staff's ability to provide care was required. By creating a profile of nursing home staff it may be possible to explain and predict difficulties in providing care. One hundred and five staff from 15 nursing homes and 18 hostel staff were interviewed to examine demographic characteristics, attitudes to the job and to the elderly, as well as sources of stress in the workplace.Staff were predominantly female, with children, and had a strong sense of altruism and desire to nurture. They foster an atmosphere of care and protection and may unwittingly encourage dependence. This may preclude challenge and rehabilitation for nursing home residents. Constraints such as staff shortages, stress (35.3 per cent cases on the General Health Questionnaire), lack of training, conflict among staff and lack of support may hamper care. These problems could be addressed by additional training and incentives for staff, increased staff cooperation and communication. Medical practitioners and other health professionals have a significant role to play in assuming greater responsibility for supporting the caregivers in nursing home

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:In some Western populations television is the principal source of health information. Such dependence on the media for health information is cause for concern when the reliability of health information is considered, and media promotion of ‘unhealthy’ products such as tobacco, alcohol and confectionery.The Australian Broadcasting Corporation television seriesBodyshow, broadcast over 17 weeks in mid‐1988, was the first general preventive health series screened on Australian television. This study aimed to assess the demographic profile of viewers of theBodyshowseries who responded to invitations for further information, the extent of exposure of these viewers to the series, and their perceptions of the series. The study involved a random sample survey of 500 people selected from 2080 New South Wales viewers who wrote to the ABC requesting further health information. A response rate of 79 per cent was achieved. Respondents were predominately female and married, aged 25 to 39 years, lived outside Sydney, and were well educated. Respondents had seen the majority of episodes and were overwhelmingly positive about the series. Popular aspects were the information provided, the ‘human interest’ segments and the nutrition information. Unpopular aspects were the Friday night time‐slot and the artificially glamorous ‘middle class’ presentation.The study demonstrated that there is clearly an audience for a self‐help preventive health television series. Television has considerable unrealised potential for education, particularly re

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract:A 15‐week supermarket‐based nutrition education program was conducted as part of a larger multiple‐strategy community‐wide health promotion project. The program consisted of point‐of‐purchase materials displayed in the supermarkets and was supported by a mass media campaign and promotional activities such as competitions, taste testing and cooking demonstrations. The objective of the program was to promote the selection and purchase of low‐fat foods, specifically low‐fat dairy products, fresh fruit and vegetables, bread and cereal products. Awareness of the promotion was high, with some self‐reported behaviour change. Supermarkets are potential sites for public health nutrition education and recommendations are made for improving the effectiveness of point‐of

ISSN:1035-7319    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1991.tb00010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY