摘要:

Le Service français de la protection des végétaux assure la surveillance phytosanitaire du territoire et des frontières, et est responsable du contrôle des fumigations. Les neuf principaux ports sont équipés d'installations d'une capacité totale de presque 2000 m3, travaillant sous vide partiel. Une nouvelle legislation autorise également la fumigation sous bâche ou dans le conteneur. Le bromure de méthyle reste le principal produit utilisé, l'HCN et l'oxyde d'éthylène servant à certains traitements spéciaux. La phosphine ne convient, ni au traitement sous vide, ni aux chaînes commerciales rapides. Toutefois, son utilisation pour le traitement des produits en transit pourrait présenter un grand intérêt si les problèmes de sécurité et d'efficacit

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent advances in fumigation technique in the USSR are reviewed. The problem of fumigation in containers is being approached by introduction of the gas through air‐holes. Mixtures of methyl bromide with carbon dioxide are being used increasingly against storage pests, and allow lower dosage rates and safer application conditions. Recent experience on quarantine fumigation of potato tubers againstPhthorimaea operculellais reviewed, and finally research is reported on neutralizers and absorbents of methyl bromide used to facilitate degassin

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00191.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The diapausing larvae ofTrogoderma granariumare among the most tolerant of all storage pests to fumigation and effective dosage schedules are required. For this purpose, the toxicity of methyl bromide (MeBr), phosphine, methyl chloroform (MC), ethylene dichloride (EDC) and chlorobromomethane, and of mixtures of MeBr and MC, EDC and MC, and phosphine and MeBr, to diapausing larvae of the pest was examined at 15, 20 or 25°C. At 15 and 20°C the tolerance of larvae was high and very high dosages of MeBr or liquid fumigants, or long exposures to phosphine, were required for total kill. At 25°C larvae were more susceptible to phosphine but retained a high tolerance of other fumigants. A mixture of 2% MeBr in MC showed evidence of potentiation at 25°C and achieved control of larvae at moderate dosa

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00192.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Gypsophila cut flowers were fumigated with methyl bromide againstLiriomyza trifolii. Complete control was obtained at a dose of 40 g/m3methyl bromide, for 3 h at 15–18°C. To get satisfactory results without injuring the flowers they had to be conditioned at the above temperature for 6 h prior to fumigati

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00193.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

La semence contaminée représente un facteur de dissémination capital pourDitylenchus dipsaci. La pratique de la fumigation au bromure de méthyle permet l'éradication des individus anabiotiques contenus dans les lots de semences. L'étude de plusieurs techniques au cours de diverses combinaisons de concentration (C) et de durée (T) montre que pour la fumigation de lots de luzerne l'éradication deD. dipsaciest atteinte, par exemple, à pression atmosphérique avec 80 g/m3pendant 16 h (C x T théorique de 1280), ou après vide préalable avec 50 g/m3pendant 20 h (C x T théorique de 1000). Si aucune altération de la faculté germinative n'est observée, même apres un delai de 2 ans après le traitement, on constate qu'un certain effet fongicide peut se révéler intéressant. AvecVicia faba, les cssais préliminaires indiquent que pour cette espèce à grosse graine, le nématode est mieux protégé dans les cotylédons. La limite entre l'action nématicide et phytotoxique est restreinte; la technique du vide partiel pourrait présenter un intérêt. Pour l'ail, l'éradication deD. dipsaciest possible par la fumigation des têtes entières, mais un effet phytotoxique est à redouter au‐delà d'un produit C x T théorique de 800. Cette phytotoxicité, grave si la dormance de l'ail est levée, peut s'expliquer par une adsorption marquée. Il est néccssaire de poursuivre l'expérimentation en évaluant les risques présentés par d'éventuels résidus bromés dans les caïeux et en réétudiant l'utilisation de la phosphine, malg

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00194.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Individual cuttings and leaves of chrysanthemum infested with eggs and larvae of the alien leaf minerLiriomyza trifolii(Burgess) and batches of pupae, were treated in the laboratory in order to find an effective quarantine treatment to control the pest in imported cuttings. Cold treatment for 2 days at 1–2°C followed by methyl bromide fumigation at 15°C with a range of concentration time products (CTPs) was used to obtain accurate dose‐response lines and estimate the LD99 and LD99.9 for each stage of the insect. The largest estimates of the LD99 for eggs, larvae and pupae up to 3 days old were less than the CTP specified in the existing (as at September 1983) United Kingdom statutory fumigation treatment designed to prevent the entry ofSpodoptera littoralis(Boisd.). This statutory schedule for unrooted cuttings consists of cold storage for 2 days at 1–2°C and then fumigation with methyl bromide at a CTP of not less than 54 g·h/m3with a minimum treatment period of 4 h at a minimum air temperature of 15°C. Our results indicate that theSpodopteratreatment should give high levels of kill for most stages ofL. trifoliiprovided a CTP of 54 g·h/m3and a temperature of 15°C (throughout the fumigation) arc achieved uniformly within packs of cuttings when they are fumigated in their transit boxes in commercial practice. The practicality of the technique will depend on whether it is possible to achieve this without causing unacceptable phytotoxicity. The LD99 values for pupae more than 3 days old were greater than those for eggs, larvae and young pupae. Therefore, if this treatment were adopted as a quarantine measure againstL. trifolii, good prophylactic treatments and rigorous prc‐packing inspections in exporting countries would still need to be maintained, to minimize any risk of importing pupae. The results are presented in full by Mortimer E.A.&Powell, D.F. (1984). Development of a combined cold storage and methyl bromide fumigation treatment to control the American serpentine leaf minerLiriomyza trifolii(Diptera: Agromyzidae) in imported chrysanthemum cuttings.Annals of Applied Biology105

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00195.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Scotland 2‐aminobutane (2‐AB) has been used successfully for the control of gangrene (Phoma exiguavar.foveata) and skin spot (Polyscytalum pustulans) in potatoes stored both in boxes and bulk. Gangrene and skin spot can be particularly troublesome in some areas of Scotland and under the prevalent harvesting conditions 2‐AB provides a high level of control while other materials have been less effe

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00196.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

European veneer manufacturers depend greatly on oak imports from the USA. To prevent the accidental introduction of the American oak wilt disease (Ceratocystis fagacearum) into the member states of the European Community, a disinfection treatment was developed for oak logs with respect to the special demands of the veneer industry. Laboratory experiments and field trials in Europe and the USA showed that the fungus can be eradicated from large oak logs with bark attached, by a fumigation with 240 g methyl bromide/m3applied for 3 days at temperatures of 3°C or above

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00197.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The diminishing availability of fumigant compounds makes it essential to improve fumigation techniques if adequate pest control is to be maintained. Three approaches developed by DEGESCH are discussed. Phosphine fumigation is now possible in cold weather if magnesium phosphide rather than aluminium phosphide is used as the source. Gas recirculation (the J‐system) provides for much more rapid fumigation in large grain silos. Finally, techniques are being developed to allow material to be added to, or removed from, a store during fumigation without hazard to the applicato

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00198.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We have broadly divided the methods of storage insect manipulation into curative and preventive measures. Sex and aggregation pheromoncs combined with additional sensory stimuli in adhesive bait traps can be utilized as a preventive measure which may lead to insectistasis (a state wherein the insect population density is diminished to the extent of allowing storage without significant impairment). Insectistasis can be readily achieved by continual supervision of store rooms, use of adhesive bait traps in combination with a limited number of curative measures (e.g. gaseous or contact insecticides) timed according to the extent of trap catches. The sensory stimuli causing male storage moths (Phycitinae) to fly towards these bait traps involve, in sequence, a circadian rhythm, increasing or decreasing light (intensity approximately 1–10 Lux), an air current, a vertical rectangular figure and the main pheromone component. The antennae of maleAnagasta kuehniella, Ephestia elutellaandPlodia interpunctellacomprise two types of receptor cells, of which one is selectively responsive to (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadienyl acetate (TDA) and (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (TA), while the other responds to (Z,E)‐9,12‐tetradecadi

ISSN:0250-8052    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1985.tb00199.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY