摘要:

Interpretations of figurative language expressions were compared in matched samples of 28 language/learning-disabled (LLD) and 28 academically achieving (non-LLD) adolescents. LLD adolescents performed significantly poorer than their non-LLD age peers. All but 1 of 12 figurative language expressions contributed to the significant group difference. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified 3 figurative expressions as the best single predictors of an LLD group placement. Qualitative analysis indicated that the LLD group produced predominantly literal error interpretations while the non-LLD controls produced predominantly partial and/or incomplete error interpretations. The results indicate that interpretation and matching of figurative language expressions can assess levels of acquisition of metaphoric ability by adolescents and provide suggestions for intervention.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266202

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Psychogene Faktoren spielen in der Ätiologie funktioneller Dysphonien zweifellos eine mitentscheidende Rolle. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird versucht, mittels eines empirisch-psychologischen Ansatzes eine Differenzierung psychogener und nicht psy-chogener Dysphonien anhand relevanter psychologischer Dimensionen vorzunehmen. Bei funktioneUen Aphonien konnte anhand mehrerer Dimensionen (Beanspruchung, Offenheit, Allgemeinbeschwerden, Bela-stungsfaktoren) eine psychologische Auffälligkeit im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe nachgewiesen werden und die Psychogenese somit nachvollzogen werden. Bei den funktioneUen Dysphonien dagegen ist dies nur partiell gelungen. Daraus kann geschlossen werden, dass bei funktioneUen Dysphonien nicht zwangsläufig psychogene Aspekte im Vordergrund stehen. Es konnte zu einer Überschätzung der Psychogenese bei funktionellen Dysphonien kommen, da die psychologisch gut abgrenzbaren Gruppen der funktionellen Dysphonien und Aphonien manchmal unter einer no-sologischen Einheit subsumiert we

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266203

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Many useful objective measurements of air volume and flow may be made with a high degree of validity and reliability using present-day respirometers within a speech clinic. We have studied measures of aerodynamic function in 76 British Caucasian subjects and derived reference equations for mean flow rate (MFR), phonation quotient (PQ), vocal velocity index (WI), phonation time and the phonation volume/vital capacity ratio. Measures from resting breathing patterns have also been investigated. Age was found to be an important determinant in the reference equations. MFR, PQ and VVI were all greater than previously reported. The equations derived in this study should provide a more appropriate assessment of aerodynamic function than the previously reported normal ranges.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266205

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Speech was analyzed about 1 year postoperatively in 30 patients with cleft lip and palate who were the first ones to undergo late closure of the hard palate in Gothenburg, Sweden. Fourteen had bilateral and 16 had unilateral clefts. Soft palate closure had been performed at the mean age of 8 months, and the hard palate was closed at the mean age of 8 years with a range of 7–11 years. Imitated and spontaneous speech was analyzed at an average of 15 months after palatal repair. Six percent had moderate to severe hypernasal speech and 23% had retraction of dental consonants. No glottal articulation was found. Hoarseness and deviant s articulation were frequent. For 6 of the patients the same speech analysis was also made 1–3 months postoperatively. At this time there was no change in the speech of these 6 children compared with preoperative speech. Thus, the closure of the palate did not improve the speech directly. The improvement of the speech seems to be a gradual proc

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266206

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Although the usefulness of speech rehabilitation in disorders such as asphasia is now recognized, many clinicians estimate that speech treatments for dysarthrics are of limited value. The conceptual approach to dysarthrias is a physiological approach that emphasizes the component-by-component analysis of the peripheral speech mechanism. The selection and sequencing of treatment procedures follow directly from the physiologial nature and severity of involvement in each component.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266207

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Inflammatory changes of the upper respiratory airway mucosa are very often observed in phonoponoses. While treating phonoponoses, we frequently find that general practitioners and even otorhinolaryngologists, while paying greatest attention to this component, neglect treatment for voice and phonatory pattern disturbance, and the patients are referred to a phoniatrician with delay. The aim of the work is to study the frequency of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory airways in phonoponoses and an attempt to establish the connection between these changes and the development of phonoponoses. The study involved 358 patients with different types of phonoponoses. Inflammatory changes were found in 84.6% of the cases, which was statistically highly significant. With inflammatory processes on the vocal organs the appearance of phonoponoses is facilitated. In that sense the inflammatory processes are risk facors in the appearance of phonoponoses.

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266208

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Comprehensive speech examinations of 10 equally affected subjects with moderate, treated Parkinson’s disease were performed before and 4 weeks following initiation of treatment with selegiline (deprenyl), with other drug therapies unchanged. Forty different measures relating to the speech processes of respiration, phonation, resonation, articulation and prosody were examined to measure changes in performance due to selegiline. Significant improvements were noted for 8 of the 40 measures, with these improvements relating to the speech processes of articulation and respiration. The potential interactive effects of comedication are discussed. In addition, previously undescribed comprehensive speech characteristics of moderate Parkinson’s disease are presented and discus

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266209

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266210

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:1021-7762    

DOI:10.1159/000266211

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1993

数据来源: Karger