ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMicrowave interactive packaging is a rapidly expanding and evolving technology. This class of package contains heater elements (susceptors or receptors) which convert microwave energy into conventional heat, thereby providing useful browning and crisping functions. This paper discusses the principles of microwave interactive package design.

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey on packaging professionals in the USA was conducted by the School of Packaging at Michigan State University. Subjects of the survey were the School's alumni and Food Packaging Division members of the Institute of Food Technologists. The eight‐page questionnaire addressed issues pertaining to their education, training, attitude and opinion about packaging disciplines, employment characteristics, and other aspects of their professional experiences. Out of 4000 people contacted, over 20% responded. The paper examines the general characteristics of packaging professionals in the USA in 198

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of evaluating the mutagenicity of extracts from plastic food packaging materials has been developed using sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The procedure for the plastics material (PVC, PS and PP) is based upon a Soxhlet extraction and the operations of dispersing the polymer into an adequate solvent followed by precipitation with methanol, filtration and evaporation to dryness of the filtrate containing the total mix of additives.The solvents used are double‐distilled water, simulating most aqueous liquid foods, andn‐heptane as a fat simulant.The extracts were added to cell cultures of human lymphocytes. The mutagenetic activity of this mixture was evaluated using an SCE test. No extract showed any such activity. The study demonstrated that the SCE test on human lymphocytes can be used as a valid method for evaluating the mutagenic quality of complex mixtu

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMany papers have been published on the compression strength of corrugated fibreboard boxes, using such formulae as Kellicut's equation and McKee's equation for the calculation. These equations, however, require known values of the strength of linerboard or corrugated fibreboard, they do not include the influence of moisture content and they are inadequate in the case of wrap‐around boxes. The present author measured the mechanical properties of a large number of fibreboard boxes, and has derived a statistical formula useful for estimating the compression strength of a box based on its specifications — grade of corrugated fibreboard, size of box, type of box, printed area and moisture content. The calculation gives fairly good agreement with experimental results. The estimation technique has further been converted into a personal computer program, which renders the design of corrugated fibreboard boxes an easier t

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring fires in warehouses and shops, the fire smoke and fire‐extinguishing agents often cause great damage to both packaged and non‐packaged goods. Even products that are stored at a great distance from the fire are often contaminated by the smoke.The decision as to whether such products, after re‐packing, are still in perfect condition or not must often be made quickly and it can be especially difficult to judge foodstuffs in this respect. Depending on time aspects and ignorance of the protective functions of a packaging material, the wrong decisions are often made, which results in unnecessary rejections.Generally, it can be said that fire smoke immediately penetrates thin films of, for example, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), uncoated cardboard and paper, as well as PE‐coated cardboard. Packaging materials such as rigid PVC rapidly degrade due to the chemical substances in fire smoke.Evaluation of the barrier properties of packaging materials against model fire smoke shows great differences in breakthrough times between laminates with three or more layers and packaging materials with only one or two

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe regulations for the packaging of dangerous goods, which are applicable world‐wide for the various modes of transport, include performance tests. It is impossible to conduct laboratory tests for every environmental condition, but the tests can produce a conservative estimate of the situation during transport. This paper analyses the so‐called leakproofness test as one of the design‐type tests for packagings covered by the United Nations' (UN) recommendations for dangerous

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020109

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPure‐Pak milk cartons were placed in a shipping unit (rolling container) with a capacity of 160 1‐litre cartons. Standing on a vibration table, the shipping units were subjected to both typical and severe vibration stresses. The table was driven by tape recorder, containing the actual vibration signals from a truck. One‐ and two‐dimensional vibration modes were used. The leakage frequencies of the milk cartons were recorded and the results discussed with respect to both stress levels and vibrati

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0894-3214    

DOI:10.1002/pts.2770020111

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY