摘要:

Objectives:To determine the measurement properties of the Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) using the Rasch model and rating scale analysis (RSA).Design:Calibration of data collected weekly during rehabilitation.Setting:Six inpatient rehabilitation facilities.Participants:77 patients admitted for their first rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury.Results:Rescoring the items as dichotomies, three strata of posttraumatic amnesia (PTA) were identified. All items cohered to define a single construct and the item hierarchy confirmed their hypothesized ordering.Conclusions:Equal-interval measures of PTA were developed that exhibited good reliability and validity. A self-scoring key was developed to more efficiently assess PTA.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:Evaluate the measurement properties of the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) using rating scale analysis.Samples:Sample 1: 900 observations of 100 individuals with traumatic brain injury; Sample 2: 204 observations of 102 persons with dementia; Sample 3: 241 observations of 6 individuals with anoxia.Results:The calibration indicated that the rating scale was used as intended. The hierarchies of item difficulty were similar across samples. Person and item separation values were within the acceptable range for the TBI sample. Generally, the items work well together, however 3 items misfit the measurement model moderately.Conclusions:Agitation as measured by the ABS is best represented as a unitary construct. Results provide additional support for the reliability and validity of the ABS.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:Evaluate the psychometric properties of the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory (MPAI).Design:Rating scale (Rasch) analysis of MPAI and principal component analysis of residuals; the predictive validity of the MPAI measures and raw scores was assessed in a sample from a day rehabilitation program.Setting:Outpatient brain injury rehabilitation.Participants:305 persons with brain injury.Results:A 22-item scale reflecting severity of sequelae of brain injury that contained a mix of indicators of impairment, activity, and participation was identified. Scores and measures for MPAI scales were strongly correlated and their predictive validities were comparable.Conclusions:Impairment, activity, and participation define a single dimension of brain injury sequelae. The MPAI shows promise as a measure of this construct.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:Evaluate the measurement properties of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE) using rating scale analysis.Design:Calibration of item responses collected as part of a study examining characteristics of case-management programs and treatment outcomes.Setting:Three outpatient rehabilitation facilities.Participants:Convenience sample of 186 community-dwelling adults with TBI.Results:Several rating scale analyses were performed to construct a unidimensional measure. Deletion of easy and misfitting items created a better targeted test (generated more spread among individuals) without increased error.Conclusions:If used with a community-based sample, three strata can be differentiated despite a skewed distribution. Recommended applications are with samples with considerably more cognitive impairment.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To examine the reliability and validity of the Readiness to Change Questionnaire (RTC) among persons with recent traumatic brain injury.Design:Survey.Setting:Inpatient rehabilitation.Participants:One-hundred twenty-six persons with recent TBI.Results:In the first step of the analyses the RTC measure was rescaled and shortened to produce a coherent linear measure of readiness to change. Subsequent analyses showed that the linear measure fit a three stage model of change and correlated in meaningful ways with independent measures of alcohol problem severity.Conclusions:The RTC measure can be substantially improved by utilizing results obtained from rating scale analysis. The resulting 10-item linear scale has good internal consistency, a theoretically sound factor structure and meaningful correlations with external variables. Measuring readiness to change may be useful for tailoring treatment and predicting outcomes, though more research is needed in this area.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairments and rated activity restrictions.Design:Comparison of neuropsychological tests and activity questionnaires. Activity ratings were made by staff and stroke patients.Setting:Two neurological rehabilitation hospitals.Participants:Eighty-seven stroke patients.Results:Moderately high correlations were found between cognitive test scores and activity ratings made by staff members. In contrast, correlations between ratings made by patients and cognitive tests were much lower. There was also little agreement between the staffs' ratings and the patients' own ratings. Multiple regression analyses indicate that cognitive impairments account for 28.9% of the variance in the activity rating made by the staff members. The coefficient of determination was slightly higher when age, time since onset of illness, and depression scores were included as predictors.Conclusions:These findings provide partial support for a hierarchical structure of the “International Classification of Impairment, Activities and Participation” model of the World Health Organization.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To compare the relative utility of conventional neuropsychological and social problem-solving approaches to measuring functional problem solving deficits in individuals with acquired brain damage (ABD).Design:In Study I, scores for individuals with ABD were compared to scores for control and normative samples. In Study II, pre- and posttest scores were compared for individuals with ABD who completed a program of outpatient cognitive rehabilitation.Participants:In Study I, individuals with ABD were compared to healthy controls. In Study II, pre- and posttreatment assessments were obtained for 34 individuals with ABD.Main Outcome Measures:Two approaches were used, conventional neuropsychological (WAIS-R/II Comprehension subtest and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and social problem solving (Problem Solving Inventory and Rusk Problem Solving Role Play Test).Results:In Study I, the ABD group demonstrated significant deficits on both social problem solving measures; however, neither conventional neuropsychological measure detected significant deficits in the ABD group, relative to control and normative groups. In Study II, significant treatment gains were demonstrated on both social problem-solving measures, however neither conventional neuropsychological measure was sensitive to improvements in functional problem-solving ability.Conclusions:In higher-level cognitive rehabilitation settings, the evaluation of functional problem-solving deficits in individuals with ABD can be facilitated by augmenting neuropsychological test data with results from social problem-solving measures.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:This article describes the Center for Outcome Measurement in Brain Injury (COMBI), an Internet resource that provides information on brain injury outcome measures. Funded by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), the COMBI is a collaborative project of eight Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Model System centers. Information the COMBI provides includes rating scales and form(s) syllabus and administration guidelines, descriptions of properties, references in the literature, a frequently asked questions (FAQ) section, training and testing materials, and contact information.Conclusions:As a dissemination effort, the results of the COMBI project have been outstanding with over 1,500 users accessing information every month. The project has a truly international scope, with 20% of its users being outside the United States.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Objective:To assess reliability between persons with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and their self-selected proxies.Design:Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were used to assess participant-proxy reliability on the Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART), the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM).Setting:Participants had been discharged to the community from inpatient rehabilitation between six months and approximately five years prior to the study's beginning.Participants:204 persons with moderate to severe TBI and their self-selected proxies.Results:Eighty-seven percent of the items on the three instruments exhibited moderate to high intraclass correlation (ICC), with strongest participant-proxy agreement for questions assessing concrete, observable information. Participant-proxy agreement was poorest when assessing cognitive and money management capacity as well as out-of-home activities.Conclusions:For many types of items, participant-proxy reliability is sufficient to merit the use of proxies in TBI outcome research when the participants are allowed to select their own proxy.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In July 1996, the Congress enacted Public Law 104–166, “to provide for the conduct of expanded studies and the establishment of innovative programs with respect to traumatic brain injury” (TBI). Under the Law, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), Maternal and Child Health Bureau (MCHB) is charged with implementing a State Demonstration Grant Program to improve access to health and other services for individuals with TBI and their families. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have also been delegated responsibilities in the areas of research, surveillance and prevention, respectively.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an insult to the brain from some externally inflicted trauma to the head that results in significant impairment to an individual's physical, psychosocial, and/or cognitive functional abilities.Motor vehicle crashes, falls, violence, and sport-related injuries are the major causes of TBI; the number one killer and cause of disability for young people in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has identified that approximately 5.3 million Americans live with the effects of TBI. About half the estimated 1.9 million Americans who experience traumatic brain injuries each year incur at least short-term disability; 52,000 people die as a result of their injuries; and more than 90,000 people sustain severe brain injuries leading to debilitating loss of function. The direct medical costs for treatment of TBI have been estimated at more than $4 billion annually.There are two program categories in the TBI State Demonstration Grant Program: Planning and Implementation. The planning category provides support to those States that need assistance in developing an infrastructure for individuals with TBI in their families. The implementation category supports the development and expansion of activities that will improve or enhance access to services for individuals with TBI and their families, within the current service delivery system.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID