摘要:

Because of the complex functions of the human frontal lobes, rehabilitation of persons with frontal lobe injury presents a unique set of challenges. Evaluation of behavioral disturbances associated with frontal damage must be individualized and contextually based; neuropsychological assessment is helpful, but not sufficient. Treatment planning should be highly specific as to expected outcomes. Prosthetic environments and prosthetic supports, skill-based learning approaches, and other behavioral programming methods may be effective singly, or in combination, for minimizing the impact of frontal lobe deficits.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The frontal lobes are vulnerable to head injury. Because this evolutionary advanced area has long been associated with diffuse concepts such as personality and higher cortical function, the consequences of frontal lobe injury have generally been elusive. Modern techniques applied to nonhuman primates reveal a precise role of prefrontal areas in working, conscious memory that underlies comprehension, planning, and basic thought processes.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Although the need for tests sensitive to executive dysfunction is great, and getting greater as the number of survivors of serious motor vehicle accidents increases, relatively few examination techniques are available. This article reviews a number of the tests developed recently and tests involving new applications of older examination techniques. It is hoped that this review will stimulate further test development in this area

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Damage to orbital frontal cortex is common following traumatic brain injury, even minor head injuries. The medical consequences of such an injury can be relatively trivial, but can have potentially catastrophic consequences on psychosocial competency, ability to maintain employment, reliable disposition of activities of daily living, and so called executive functioning. These major problem areas have proven elusive to standard neuropsychological testing, and can coexist with high intelligence quotient (IQ) test scores. Close interview of collateral informants (individuals familiar with the head injured patient in “real life” activities) can prove a valuable source in identifying and documenting these important neuropsychiatric and psychological sequelae of closed head trauma.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article reviews a conceptual framework of frontal lobe functions based on the premise that there is a hierarchy of interrelated independent functions, each of which contains a feedback control system. This model provides a framework to assist clinicians in selecting appropriate interventions. Treatment options for managing executive control dysfunction are reviewed and related to the theoretical model.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article addresses the question of why some patients with severe traumatic brain injury are unable to carry out even simple, routine activities of daily living without becoming confused and making errors. The argument is developed that such a condition represents “frontal apraxia,” a disorder of executive function defined here as an impairment in the on-line activation of action plans. Two alternatives to this account are considered. One involves a disturbance of attentional control of action; the second involves loss or degradation of the conceptual knowledge base for action. The types of assessments required for differentiating between these alternatives are described and exemplified with reference to specific cases.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Head injury often results in focal prefrontal lobe lesions that may account for specific posttraumatic cognitive and personality changes. These changes are briefly reviewed as well as some of the theoretical constructs used to describe the kinds of cognitive processes that are stored in prefrontal cortex. A new framework for describing prefrontal cortex function is then introduced that provides a rational and theoretically rich cognitive architecture that lends itself to hypothesis testing.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Program directors from acute, subacute, or postacute programs nationwide were surveyed concerning the need for specialized traumatic brain injury (TBI) training for both professional and paraprofessional staff. Over three fourths of the programs currently use paraprofessional staff, with subacute programs reporting the most use of paraprofessionals. Most respondents endorsed specialized TDI training for professionals and even more so for paraprofessional staff. Certification was considerably less popular. Respondents would give greater preference in hiring and pay to professionals than to paraprofessionals with TBI training. While approximately half the respondents would rearrange staff work schedules, approximately two thirds would pay professional staff while attending training and three fourths would pay the travel costs associated with training. Preferences for training content and format were also explored.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This study provides the first systematic investigation of the stress associated with having a head-injured sibling. The problem-solving abilities, coping styles, family functioning, attributional styles, beliefs, attitudes, and levels of psychological symptomatology of 13 siblings of severely head-injured individuals were examined. As a group, siblings showed significant levels of psychological distress on the Brief Symptom Inventory as compared to norms, and 83% met the criteria for caseness. Siblings also endorsed significantly more irrational and absolutist beliefs than normative controls, perceived themselves to be poor problem solvers, and showed deficits in family functioning. Severity indices of the head-injured individual's disability were not found to be related to the sibling's level of symptomatology. Siblings' tendencies to hold extreme or irrational beliefs, however, were correlated with their own level of psychological distress.

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0885-9701    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID