ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388022

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Marine geodetic processes are occurring on the west coast of Canada, as in other places on the globe, with a wide range of time scales. To understand the causative forces, various geological, oceanographic, and ocean‐atmosphere interaction problems have to be considered. In this brief review, the effects of tides, storm surges, tsunamis, and increases in atmospheric and ocean temperatures due to atmospheric carbon dioxide buildup are considered.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388023

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Analyses of long‐term changes of sea level often use monthly means for data. Beginning instead with an hourly series from which the predicted tides have been removed allows various errors in the record to be checked, since any departure from the predicted tides shows up strongly in the residual. Some recommended procedures are described, using as an example a record from Avila Beach, California, whose monthly means showed large excursions during 1969. The cause appears to have been clogging of the stilling well, but response analysis shows the nonlinear effects of this to have been too small to account for the observed shift in the mean. This shift appears to have come from the method of comparative readings used to establish the gauge zero, a procedure biased by lags in the gauge.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388024

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A model for the simultaneous adjustment of GPS pseudorange and carrier beat phase observations in precise kinematic positioning is derived. A sequential least‐squares adjustment algorithm filters the noise of the pseudorange data using the carrier beat phase differences in time (Doppler). GPS system errors such as orbital biases and satellite clock errors are eliminated or reduced by employing a GPS monitor station. If the monitor station results are provided in real time via radio link, a real‐time relative positioning accuracy of better than 1 m is showntobe realistic for moving‐platform applications. Backward smoothing and additionala prioriheight information improve the result to a relative position accuracy level of a few decimeters. Infrequent loss of receiver phase lock is shown to be no serious problem.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388025

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Acoustic Doppler data are investigated as a possible means of locating inverted echo sounders (IES/PGs) relative to an inertial coordinate system for the Northwest Atlantic Regional Energetics Experiment (REX). This paper expands the formulation previously used for acoustic range data, and equations for studying acoustic Doppler data for locating an IES/PG are developed and presented. Sound velocity as a function of depth is not included here, however. Representative accuracies are estimated, and parameter studies point out important procedural aspects for using acoustic Doppler data. Recommendations for measurement patterns are presented.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388026

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Continuous and long sea level records from four stations along the Canadian Atlantic coast have been examined and analyzed to investigate the seasonal and long‐term changes. Seasonal sea level variations at stations near the open ocean (Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Port‐aux‐Basques and St. John's, Newfoundland) follow mainly the general cycle for subarctic regions, with a low in spring and summer and a high in autumn and winter. Atmospheric pressure, water transport, and the changing density of seawater are found to be the major factors affecting the mean sea level at these stations. The most pronounced effects of river runoff and tides are found at Saint John, New Brunswick, in the Bay of Fundy, with a spring maximum and an

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388027

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An estimation technique has been developed to extrapolate tidal amplitudes and phases over entire ocean basins using existing gauge data and the altimetric measurements which are now beginning to be provided by satellite oceanography. The technique was tested previously in the Lake Superior basin by Sanchez et al. (1985). The method has now been developed and applied in the Atlantic‐Indian ocean basins using a 6° × 6° grid to test its essential features.

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388028

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388029

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388030

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0149-0419    

DOI:10.1080/01490418609388031

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1986

数据来源: Taylor